全文获取类型
收费全文 | 2229篇 |
免费 | 87篇 |
专业分类
2316篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 12篇 |
2022年 | 11篇 |
2021年 | 27篇 |
2020年 | 33篇 |
2019年 | 36篇 |
2018年 | 69篇 |
2017年 | 57篇 |
2016年 | 64篇 |
2015年 | 53篇 |
2014年 | 50篇 |
2013年 | 268篇 |
2012年 | 85篇 |
2011年 | 100篇 |
2010年 | 61篇 |
2009年 | 73篇 |
2008年 | 84篇 |
2007年 | 95篇 |
2006年 | 73篇 |
2005年 | 85篇 |
2004年 | 82篇 |
2003年 | 76篇 |
2002年 | 76篇 |
2001年 | 36篇 |
2000年 | 35篇 |
1999年 | 31篇 |
1998年 | 35篇 |
1997年 | 31篇 |
1996年 | 32篇 |
1995年 | 30篇 |
1994年 | 33篇 |
1993年 | 37篇 |
1992年 | 28篇 |
1991年 | 17篇 |
1990年 | 30篇 |
1989年 | 32篇 |
1988年 | 30篇 |
1987年 | 19篇 |
1986年 | 18篇 |
1985年 | 21篇 |
1984年 | 30篇 |
1983年 | 25篇 |
1982年 | 26篇 |
1981年 | 26篇 |
1980年 | 20篇 |
1979年 | 9篇 |
1978年 | 23篇 |
1977年 | 10篇 |
1976年 | 18篇 |
1975年 | 16篇 |
1973年 | 11篇 |
排序方式: 共有2316条查询结果,搜索用时 0 毫秒
61.
Patricia A. Marshall David C. Thomasma Abdallah S. Daar 《Theoretical medicine and bioethics》1996,17(1):1-18
The severe shortage of organs for transplantation and the continual reluctance of the public to voluntarily donate has prompted consideration of alternative strategies for organ procurement. This paper explores the development of market approaches for procuring human organs for transplantation and considers the social and moral implications of organ donation as both a “gift of life” and a “commodity exchange.” The problematic and paradoxical articulation of individual autonomy in relation to property rights and marketing human body parts is addressed. We argue that beliefs about proprietorship over human body parts and the capacity to provide consent for organ donation are culturally constructed. We contend that the political and economic framework of biomedicine, in western and non-western nations, influences access to transplantation technology and shapes the form and development of specific market approaches. Finally, we suggest that marketing approaches for organ procurement are and will be negotiated within cultural parameters constrained by several factors: beliefs about the physical body and personhood, religious traditions, economic conditions, and the availability of technological resources. 相似文献
62.
Patricia MacCorquodale Susan A. Basow Mary Anne Fitzpatrick Deborah Kuhn-McGregor 《Sex roles》1985,13(9-10):567-579
63.
Nondepressed human subjects were divided into seven groups. On a series of discrimination problems, a helplessness group received insoluble problems, a solvable group received contingent feedback, and a no treatment control group received no feedback. For two other groups insoluble problems were preceded by success feedback on a different task presented according to a fixed ratio (FR) or variable ratio (VR) schedule of reinforcement. Two control groups received either FR or VR schedules of success but were not examined on the discrimination problems. All groups were tested for escape/avoidance performance on a human shuttle box. Both FR and VR schedules produced an inoculation against learned helplessness; escape performance by the helplessness group was significantly worse than that of FR and VR inoculation groups. These latter groups performed similar to the solvable and three control groups. Significantly worse than that of FR and VR inoculation groups. These latter groups performed similar to the solvable and three control groups. Significantly fewer subjects in the VR inoculation group exhibited avoidance responses than their counterparts in the FR inoculation group. despite similar escape performance. The findings indicate that learned helplessness can be prevented in humans and suggest different sources of interference produced by unpredictable and uncontrollable events. 相似文献
64.
Mary L. Fennell Patricia R. Barchas Elizabeth G. Cohen Anne M. McMahon Polly Hildebrand 《Sex roles》1978,4(4):589-604
This article takes a sociological approach to a problem that has usually been considered as a psychological phenomenon. It addresses the problem of male—female interactions in work situations utilizing the organizational concepts of division of labor and legitimacy. Traditional explanations evoking sex-role socialization are reviewed and rejected for purposes of experimentation and intervention. An alternative argument, focusing on the structural arrangements of organizational settings, is presented as an explanation for behavioral effects previously attributed to inherent sex differences. The results of a pilot study are briefly described, and directions for further experimentation and possible intervention strategies are suggested.The bibliographic search and initial conceptualization of this research was supported by a grant from the Ford Foundation under the auspices of the Center for Research on Women at Stanford University. We are grateful to Miriam Rosen for much of the bibliographic work. The pilot study was supported in part by funds from the Guggenheim Foundation and by a grant from the Spencer Foundation. We also wish to thank Richard Torres and Christie Timberlake for their invaluable assistance on this project. 相似文献
65.
Mental rotation in the congenitally blind was investigated with a haptic letter-judgment task. Blind subjects and blindfolded, sighted subjects were presented a letter in some orientation between 0° to 300° from upright and timed while they judged whether it was a normal or mirror-image letter. Both groups showed an increasing response time with the stimulus’s departure from upright; this result was interpreted as reflecting the process of mental rotation. The results for the blind subjects suggest that mental rotation can operate on a spatial representation that does not have any specifically visual components. Further research showed that for the sighted subjects in the haptic task, the orientation of a letter is coded with respect to the position of the hand. Sighted subjects may code the orientation of the letter and then translate this code into a visual representation, or they may use a spatial representation that is not specifically visual. 相似文献
66.
A group of 11 women entering sex therapy for treatment of low arousal, and a comparison group of 11 women experiencing no arousal deficit, viewed an erotic film, listened to an erotic audiotape, and engaged in sexual fantasy during two experimental sessions. Session I occurred pre-treatment for the low arousal group. Session II occurred post-treatment. The adequate arousal group was tested at comparable points in time. Sexual arousal was measured subjectively by self-rating and physiologically by a vaginal photoplethysmograph. Contrary to expectation, the two groups showed equivalent significant increases in physiological response during the erotic stimuli in both sessions. However, the adequate arousal group rated subjective arousal significantly higher than the low arousal group in Session I, while no difference was found between the groups in Session II. Significant correlations were present between physiological response and ratings of several affective reactions to the audiotape, though few significant correlations were found between physiological and subjective sexual arousal measures. These data indicate a discrepancy between genital responses and ratings of sexual arousal for which several interpretations are offered. 相似文献
67.
Philip H. Bornstein Paul J. Bach Miles E. McFall Patrick C. Friman Patricia D. Lyons 《Journal of applied behavior analysis》1980,13(1):171-176
Six mentally retarded adults, equally divided into two treatment groups, were provided with individualized social skills training programs. Treatment, evaluated via a multiple-baseline design strategy, was sequentially and cumulatively applied across target behaviors over a four-week intervention period. Behavioral observation probes and social validation measures served as the primary dependent variables. Results indicated that (a) treatment was effective for virtually all behaviors across all subjects, (b) improvements occurred for both training and generalization scenes, and (c) behavioral performance was maintained one month following the termination of treatment. 相似文献
68.
Victor J. Malatesta Patricia B. Sutker Henry E. Adams 《Journal of psychopathology and behavioral assessment》1980,2(4):309-317
A 32-year-old male volunteer with an eight year history of chronic unilateral tinnitus (ear-ringing) participated in a behavioral assessment strategy that included a series of measurement and modification procedures. A psychophysical matching technique was employed throughout a planned combination of procedures to assess and manipulate the intensity or loudness of tinnitus responses. Following baseline assessment, measurements were conducted at varying times of the day, concomitant with exposure to music, during progressive relaxation training, and under conditions of caffeine consumption. The value of careful assessment to describe cues and conditions associated with tinnitus and its reduction are discussed with implications for behavior treatment design and evaluation. 相似文献
69.
Two methods of language instruction administered to mentally retarded subjects at the two-word stage of language development were investigated. Subjects of the mimicry training group imitated Agent-Action-Object (AAO) constructions immediately after presentation, while subjects of the imitative modeling group first heard the AAO presentation and later produced the AAO construction in response to a verb question. Imitative modeling subjects achieved as many correct AAO responses during training and more correct responses on a generalization task and in a free play setting. They also displayed more novel response behavior (selective imitations) and spontaneously corrected productions. The results support the use of modeling procedures for inducing language production in the retarded. 相似文献
70.
William D Siegfried Iain Macfarlane David B Graham Nil A Moore Patricia L Young 《Journal of Vocational Behavior》1981,18(1):30-42
Previous research has found conflicting answers to the question of whether males and females share similar preferences for various job characteristics. It is difficult to determine if the different findings are due to the different populations sampled, the various methodologies employed, or to a real change in the phenomenon itself. This study essentially replicates earlier work by having 130 male and 84 female college students rate the importance of 10 job characteristics for both themselves and members of the opposite sex. Both sexes rated motivators as important, but females also placed importance on the hygienes. Males tended to underestimate the importance of the motivators for females, while females overestimated the importance of hygienes for males. The subject's sex could be predicted by both the importance for self and importance for opposite sex ratings, contrary to the earlier study. The difference in results and interpretation was shown to be due to the type of analyses used. Additionally, it was found that females' job preferences were related to their mothers' educational achievement. 相似文献