全文获取类型
收费全文 | 4977篇 |
免费 | 241篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 58篇 |
2022年 | 56篇 |
2021年 | 83篇 |
2020年 | 124篇 |
2019年 | 121篇 |
2018年 | 219篇 |
2017年 | 209篇 |
2016年 | 213篇 |
2015年 | 131篇 |
2014年 | 156篇 |
2013年 | 607篇 |
2012年 | 307篇 |
2011年 | 343篇 |
2010年 | 204篇 |
2009年 | 123篇 |
2008年 | 289篇 |
2007年 | 239篇 |
2006年 | 232篇 |
2005年 | 173篇 |
2004年 | 150篇 |
2003年 | 126篇 |
2002年 | 124篇 |
2001年 | 51篇 |
2000年 | 72篇 |
1999年 | 52篇 |
1998年 | 46篇 |
1997年 | 41篇 |
1996年 | 40篇 |
1995年 | 30篇 |
1994年 | 39篇 |
1993年 | 40篇 |
1992年 | 33篇 |
1991年 | 28篇 |
1990年 | 42篇 |
1989年 | 40篇 |
1988年 | 36篇 |
1987年 | 25篇 |
1986年 | 18篇 |
1985年 | 25篇 |
1984年 | 29篇 |
1983年 | 24篇 |
1982年 | 27篇 |
1981年 | 25篇 |
1980年 | 19篇 |
1979年 | 10篇 |
1978年 | 27篇 |
1977年 | 10篇 |
1976年 | 20篇 |
1975年 | 15篇 |
1973年 | 13篇 |
排序方式: 共有5218条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
991.
Patricia A. Williams 《Synthese》1992,91(1-2):135-152
In Phylogenetic Systematics (1966), Willi Hennig conflates the Linnaean hierarchy with what Hennig refers to as the divisional hierarchy. In doing so, he lays the foundations of that school of biological taxonomy known as cladism on a philosophically ambiguous basis. This paper compares and contrasts the two hierarchies and demonstrates that Hennig conflates them. It shows that Hennig's followers also conflate them. Finally, it illuminates five persistent problems in cladism by suggesting that they arise from Hennig's original confusion. 相似文献
992.
993.
Sociometric measures were used to predict peer helpfulness of youth in a residential treatment center. Seventeen female adolescents with conduct disorders were asked to choose three peers in their group who were most popular, similar, well-liked, and competent. These sociometric measures were correlated with the frequency in which each peer was nominated as most and least helpful in several problem scenarios representing actual situations encountered in residential settings. A multiple linear regression analysis indicated that “popularity” was the best predictor of peer helpfulness across the problem scenarios. Discussion focused on the impact of popularity on treatment strategies for youth in residential placement. 相似文献
994.
Patricia White 《Studies in Philosophy and Education》1996,15(1-2):201-208
This paper examines Ronald Dworkin's claim that the right to free speech does not include a right to circumstances that encourage citizens to speak nor a right to competent and sympathetic understanding on the part of listeners. Drawing on familiar arguments for the existence of other human rights, the paper challenges Dworkin's claim. Even if, however, the challenge fails and it is not possible to show that there is such a right, that is not the end of the story. It is argued that democratic societies should try to foster conditions in which citizens are encouraged to speak and are listened to sympathetically in the interests of the well-being and flourishing of the polity. The important role education has to play in this is explored. 相似文献
995.
Jill C. Hammer Jeffrey D. Fisher Patricia Fitzgerald William A. Fisher 《Journal of applied social psychology》1996,26(5):375-397
Individuals in intimate relationships engage in higher levels of HIV risk behavior than do individuals engaging in casual sex (e.g., Bowen & Michal-Johnson, 1989; Misovich, Fisher, & Fisher, 1996). While there are many possible reasons for this consistent pattern of effects, few studies have focused on identifying the underlying causes. Therefore, same-gender focus groups were conducted with college-age men and women in intimate relationships as participants in order to examine, qualitatively, factors particular to relationships which are associated with HIV risk. Focus-group members indicated that concerns about questioning interpersonal trust and commitment in their relationship through the introduction of condoms or HIV testing were often strong impediments to these practices. Recommendations for future HIV-prevention interventions specific to individuals in relationships are discussed. 相似文献
996.
Naomi Breslau Gregory G. Brown Jerel E. DelDotto Savitri Kumar Sudhakar Ezhuthachan Patricia Andreski Karen G. Hufnagle 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》1996,24(3):385-400
The study examined the association between low birth weight (LBW) (2,500 g) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in two socioeconomically disparate populations. LBW and normal birth weight (NBW) children from the 1983 to 1985 newborn lists of an urban and a suburban hospital in Southeast Michigan were randomly selected. A total of 823 children, 473 LBW and 350 NBW, participated. Data were gathered in 1990 to 1992, when the children were 6 to 7 years of age. The National Institute of Mental Health Diagnostic Interview Schedule for children—Parent version (DISC-P) was used to elicit information on DSM-III-R diagnoses of simple phobia, overanxious, separation anxiety, oppositional defiant, and ADHD. Teachers' ratings of behavior problems were obtained. LBW was associated with ADHD but not with childhood anxiety disorders or oppositional defiant disorder. The association was stronger in the urban than in the suburban population. Data from teachers' ratings revealed an association between LBW and attention problems. The prognostic significance of the observed psychopathology at 6 years of age requires follow-up assessment as the children mature.This research was supported by NIMH research grant MH-44586 and NIMH Research Scientist Development Award MH-00380 to Dr. Breslau. 相似文献
997.
Stephanie Kasen Patricia Cohen Judith S. Brook Claudia Hartmark 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》1996,24(2):121-150
Effects of family status on the trajectory of problematic temperament-adjustment at 1 to 10 years of age and associated psychiatric disturbance 8 years later were examined in an epidemiological sample of 648 children. After adjusting for predivorce temperament-adjustment and background factors, logistic regression yielded independent effects of single custodial mother (SCM) family status for increased risk of disruptive and anxiety disorders, and of stepfamily status for increased risk of disruptive disorders. Increased risk of psychiatric disorders was more pervasive for SCM family boys versus intact family boys than for SCM family girls versus intact family girls, however only significantly more so for depression. No significant sex interaction was observed for stepfamily status. When girls and boys were treated independently, patterns of family status and outcomes of internalizing disorders varied. In stepfamilies, an elevated risk of depression and anxiety disorders was observed in girls but not boys, whereas in SCM families an elevated risk of depression was observed in boys but not girls. Within each family status group there was support for an altered risk of later psychiatric disorders given specific problematic predivorce temperament-adjustment characteristics. Implications for future research and treatment are discussed.The research described was supported by grants from the National Institute of Mental Health and by the W. T. Grant Foundation. 相似文献
998.
999.
Sharan B. Merriam Bradley C. Courtenay Patricia M. Reeves 《Journal of Adult Development》1997,4(4):221-235
Erikson's epigenetic model of psychosocial development posits that each of eight stages unfolds in a particular sequence,
and each becomes the primary issue of concern at specified times in the life cycle. Erikson does not address, nor could any
empirical studies be located, exploring how the emergence of these eight stages might be affected by a diagnosis of terminal
illness. The purpose of this study was to understand how an HIV-positive diagnosis affected movement through Erikson's stages
of development. In-depth interviews were conducted with a sample of 18 HIV-positive men and women under 45 years of age. Analysis
of the qualitative data revealed three findings regarding Erikson's stages: (1) The fifth stage of idenitity versus role confusion
was revisted and the sense of self is redefined; (2) the three adulthood stages of intimacy versus isolation, generativity
versus stagnation, and ego integrity versus depair were dealt with simulataneously and, in most cases, resolved favorably;
and (3) intimacy and generativity enabled and supported the resolution of the tasks of identity and ego integrity. 相似文献
1000.
Tatjana Sivik MD Ph.D. MA Domagoj Delimar MD Patricia Korenjak MD Natasa Delimar Ph.D. 《Integrative psychological & behavioral science》1997,32(4):364-372
Ninety soldiers with at least three months of combat exposure—60 injured soldiers (30 with permanent disabling and 30 with
nondisabling injuries), 30 noninjured soldiers and 30 healthy controls—were interviewed and investigated with physiological
(Prolactine, Cortisol, BP, Hb) and psychological tests (MMPI), IES-15 (Impact of Event Scale), PTSS (Post-Traumatic Symptom
Scale). Their was related injuries had a different effect on the physiological stress response of the soldiers as reflected
in the levels of prolactine, cortisol, hemoglobin and blood pressure.
In a report of personality characteristics of the same soldiers, we demonstrated that the experience of posttraumatic stress
was not dependent upon physical injury, but rather on the psychological appraisal of the situation. The results of the present
article confirm earlier findings that the relationship between physiological and psychological consequences of trauma are
complex, and that the perception of an event and the social context within which the traumatized soldier exists is as important
as the event itself. The physiological response to the trauma varied greatly among the soldiers regarding the psychosocial
impact of the consequence of the injury. So the anticipation of future possible trauma among less severely wounded soldiers
(expected to go back to war) was followed by pathological stress responses. Trauma seems to operate somewhat independently
from the overt conscious appraisal of the situation and relationship between psychological, psychosocial, and physiological
aspects are interrelated in a multifactorial way. An integrative approach is therefore of great importance in assessment as
well as in treatment of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD).
Editorial Note This historical article is being published for the first time. It is based on the Ph.D. thesis of Dr. Harry
A. Teitelbaum for which he was awarded a doctorate by the University of Maryland in College Park in 1936. The dissertation
was stored prior to publication and was not rediscovered until 1997. Teitelbaum’s work was performed during the early days
of the development of knowledge regarding the mechanisms that regulate endocrine function. The understanding of the broad
capability of interactions among endocrine glands was evolving. It was a field that Teitelbaum contributed to for several
years, many of which were spent in collaboration with Horsley Gantt in his laboratory at Johns Hopkins. Although some of the
experimental strategies and some of the wording of the report seem quaint today, the contribution of Teitelbaum’s research
was solid and highly relevant to questions being asked at the time. 相似文献