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61.
Nimisha Patel 《Counselling psychology quarterly》1992,5(3):263-276
The purpose of this community survey was to examine the differences in psychological symptom levels, social support, stressors and the awareness and use of local social services between the Asian and the indigenous groups. The theoretical starting point lies in the idea that the Asian group would have experienced considerable stress, partly as a resuldt of their being immigrants, and that the traditional extended family common to them may be an important source of social support. The relationship between psychological symptom levels and social support was examined to test the hypothesis that they might be related. Forty immigrant Asian women and 40 indigenous women were randomly selected from the Electroral Register, 1988, using quota-sampling techniques. All subjects were interviewed in their own homes and in their native languages by volunteer interviewers. In comparison with the Indigenes, the Asians had higher symptom levels; smaller, denser, less dispersed social support networks composed of mainly kin members; they reported more stressors related to their migrant status, and they had a lower awareness and usage of local social services. A relationship between psychological disturbance and social support was found, yielding inconsistent results regariding the direction of the relationship. Limitations of the study were outlined with implications of the results and indications for future research discussed. 相似文献
62.
Tony J. Simon Scott Peterson Gargi Patel K. Sathian 《Attention, perception & psychophysics》1998,60(3):451-464
We investigated the neurobiologies! basis of visual processes involved in object enumeration. Subitizing, the ability to rapidly and accurately enumerate four or fewer objects, is thought to depend on preattentive processing of visual stimuli, whereas counting of more numerous objects is thought to require serial shifts of attention. We attempted to distinguish between the hypothesis that the magnocellular (M) visual pathway is the preferential route for subitizing, and the alternative hypothesis that there is no selectivity for the M pathway or its counterpart, the parvocellular (P) visual pathway, in visual object enumeration. Green rectangles were presented on an equiluminant red background to impair M pathway processing. This slowed enumeration performance relative to a control condition in which object/background luminance differed, especially when the rectangles were relatively large and widely spaced and had constant retinal eccentricity. When low luminance contrast was used to impair processing along the P pathway, enumeration performance was slowed relative to a high-contrast control condition, especially when the rectangles were small and closely spaced. Overall, our manipulations affected enumeration performance without selectivity for subitizing or counting ranges and without altering the slope of the functions relating reaction time to numerosity. Thus, our results favor the hypothesis that visual enumeration does not depend preferentially on either the M or the P pathway. 相似文献
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64.
Laura R Addison Cathleen C Piazza Meeta R Patel Melanie H Bachmeyer Kristi M Rivas Suzanne M Milnes Jackie Oddo 《Journal of applied behavior analysis》2012,45(3):455-471
We compared the effects of escape extinction (EE) plus noncontingent reinforcement (NCR) with sensory integration therapy as treatment for the feeding problems of 2 children. Results indicated that EE plus NCR was more effective in increasing acceptance, decreasing inappropriate behavior, and increasing amount consumed relative to sensory integration for both children. The results are discussed in terms of the challenges of evaluating sensory‐integration‐based treatments, and the reasons why component analyses of multicomponent treatments like sensory integration are important. 相似文献
65.
Herbert M. Potash Andrea de Fileo Crespo Sanjiv Patel Anita Ceravolo 《Journal of personality assessment》2013,95(3-4):657-662
Certain sentence stems in the 73 item Miale-Holsopple Sentence Completion Test can be interpreted as open-ended attitude questions, revealing world views in particular societies. Sentence stems #7, "The easiest way to get money;" #8, "Twenty years from now;" #18, "The white girl who married the black man;" #48, "A naked man;" and #54, "A woman's body" were selected for cross-cultural study. Thirty-nine American college students answered the standard form of the Miale-Holsopple, and 60 Brazilian students answered a Portuguese version of this test. American students gave more positive work ethic responses to stems #7 and #8 and more negative responses to interracial marriages than did Brazilians. The Brazilian females gave more positive responses to stem #54 than did American women. 相似文献
66.
Katherine A. Yoshida John R. Iversen Aniruddh D. Patel Reiko Mazuka Hiromi Nito Judit Gervain Janet F. Werker 《Cognition》2010,115(2):356-361
Perceptual grouping has traditionally been thought to be governed by innate, universal principles. However, recent work has found differences in Japanese and English speakers’ non-linguistic perceptual grouping, implicating language in non-linguistic perceptual processes (Iversen, Patel, & Ohgushi, 2008). Two experiments test Japanese- and English-learning infants of 5–6 and 7–8 months of age to explore the development of grouping preferences. At 5–6 months, neither the Japanese nor the English infants revealed any systematic perceptual biases. However, by 7–8 months, the same age as when linguistic phrasal grouping develops, infants developed non-linguistic grouping preferences consistent with their language’s structure (and the grouping biases found in adulthood). These results reveal an early difference in non-linguistic perception between infants growing up in different language environments. The possibility that infants’ linguistic phrasal grouping is bootstrapped by abstract perceptual principles is discussed. 相似文献
67.
Shayla C. Holub Cin Cin Tan Sanobar L. Patel 《Journal of applied developmental psychology》2011,32(3):113
Parents and children hold negative attitudes about obesity, but little is known about individual differences in obesity stigma. The current study examined authoritarian parenting style, beliefs about the controllability of weight and fear of fat in relation to mothers' dislike of overweight individuals. Factors related to children's weight stereotypes were also investigated. Forty-nine mothers and children (43% girls) participated. Mothers showed more dislike and blame toward adults who are overweight than children who are overweight; parents were most often blamed for children's weight status. Authoritarian parenting and beliefs about controllability were related to mothers' anti-fat attitudes, but fear of fat was not. However, mothers' fear of fat was the best predictor of children's negative stereotypes toward overweight peers. The current study provides some preliminary insight into the role of mothers in children's attitudes about weight. Examining individual difference factors is also useful in planning targeted interventions to lessen obesity stigma. 相似文献
68.
Pooja Patel Dawn M. Sarno Joanna E. Lewis Mindy Shoss Mark B. Neider Corey J. Bohil 《Applied cognitive psychology》2019,33(6):1296-1304
Understanding how computer users allocate attention to features of potentially dangerous emails could help mitigate costly errors. Which features are salient? How stable is attention allocation across variation in email features? We attempted to measure the mental salience of several email features common in spam and/or phishing emails. We created two email sets: one in which messages contained company logos and urgent actionable links and one without these features. Participants rated pairwise similarity of emails within each set. Multidimensional scaling (MDS) analysis was conducted to quantify psychological similarity between emails. A separate group rated the same emails for presence of five other features: important downloadable content, collecting personal information, account deletion or suspension, advertisement, and large images with clickable content. Regressing feature ratings onto the MDS coordinates revealed that similarity judgments were influenced mostly by advertisement/large images and collecting personal information, regardless of presence or absence of company logos and urgent actionable links. 相似文献
69.