排序方式: 共有52条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
41.
Pasquale Frascolla 《逻辑史和逻辑哲学》2018,39(2):135-139
On the basis of an analysis of the relevant parts of Tractatus logico-philosophicus, a definition of the property (of propositions) of saying something, and of the obviously correlated property of saying nothing, is given. By applying that definition, both tautologies and contradictions are sanctioned as saying nothing, as lacking sense, in full agreement with Wittgenstein's explicit statements. On the other hand, a recent systematic attempt by A. Negro to extract from the Tractatus a criterion for sense containment and a criterion for saying more, that is, for comparing the amount of sense of propositions, leads to the conclusion that the sense of any proposition is contained in the sense of a contradiction and that contradictions say more than any other propositions. The problem faced in this paper is that of restoring consistency between Negro's criteria, which on the whole give a correct interpretation of the text of the Tractatus, and Wittgenstein's thesis that, not only tautologies, but also contradictions say nothing. 相似文献
42.
Andrea Sgoifo Donatella Stilli Ezio Musso Danilo Mainardi Stefano Parmigiani 《Aggressive behavior》1992,18(1):47-52
The attacks by resident lactating Wistar rats on sexually naive conspecifics of both sexes were examined. Male and female intruders were equally attacked in terms of frequency and number of bites, but the topographies of biting seen in these encounters were different. Similarly to male-male agonistic interactions, females were attacked in a fashion which avoided bites to the head and snout (“offensive” attack), whereas males were frequently bitten on such vulnerable regions (“defensive” attack). This dichotomy in bite pattern suggests that different motivations and functions underlay maternal aggression in these situations. The defensive attack on males may be a deterrent to infanticide since only male intruders counterattack lactating females and kill their pups. The attack on females may be concerned with resource competition. 相似文献
43.
44.
Roberge P Marchand A Reinharz D Cloutier K Mainguy N Miller JM Bégin J Turcotte J 《Cognitive behaviour therapy》2005,34(2):79-88
The aim of this study was to examine the overall changes in healthcare services utilization after providing an empirically supported cognitive-behavioral treatment for panic disorder with agoraphobia. Data on healthcare utilization were collected for a total of 84 adults meeting DSM-IV criteria. Participants were completers of a cognitive-behavioral treatment for panic disorder with agoraphobia. Data on utilization of healthcare services and medication were obtained from semi-structured interviews from baseline to 1-year after treatment. Results of the Friedman non-parametric analysis reveal a significant decrease in overall and mental health-related costs following treatment. This study shows a significant reduction in healthcare costs following cognitive behavior therapy for panic disorder with agoraphobia. More studies are needed to examine the potential long-term cost-offset effect of empirically supported treatments for panic disorder. 相似文献
45.
Sgoifo A Pozzato C Meerlo P Costoli T Manghi M Stilli D Olivetti G Musso E 《Stress (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》2002,5(1):23-35
This study investigated the effects of exposure to an intermittent homotypic stressor on: (i) habituation of acute autonomic responsivity (i.e. cardiac sympathovagal balance and susceptibility to arrhythmias), and (ii) circadian rhythmicity of heart rate, body temperature, and physical activity. After implantation of a transmitter for the radiotelemetric recording of electrocardiogram (ECG), body temperature and physical activity, adult male rats (Rattus norvegicus, Wild Type Groningen strain) were repeatedly exposed (10 consecutive times, on alternate days) to either a social stressor (defeat by a con-specific, n = 15) or an open-field, control challenge (transfer to a new cage; n = 8). ECGs, body temperature and physical activity were continuously recorded in baseline, test and recovery periods (each lasting 15 min), at the 1st and 10th episodes of both defeat and open-field challenge. The circadian rhythms of heart rate, body temperature and physical activity were monitored before (5 days), during (16 days) and after (21 days) the intermittent stress protocol. This study indicates that there is no clear habituation of either acute cardiac autonomic responsivity (as estimated by means of time-domain indexes of heart rate variability) or arrhythmia occurrence to a brief, intermittent, homotypic challenge, regardless of the nature of the stressor (social or non-social). On the other hand, rats exposed to social challenge also failed to show adaptation of acute temperature and activity stress responsiveness, whereas rats facing open-field challenge developed habituation of activity and sensitization of temperature responses. Repeated social challenge produced remarkable reductions of the heart rate circadian rhythm amplitude (this effect being significantly greater than that produced by intermittent open-field), but only minor changes in the daily rhythms of body temperature and physical activity. 相似文献
46.
Pasquale Anselmi Egidio Robusto Luca Stefanutti Debora de Chiusole 《Psychometrika》2016,81(2):461-482
In knowledge space theory, existing adaptive assessment procedures can only be applied when suitable estimates of their parameters are available. In this paper, an iterative procedure is proposed, which upgrades its parameters with the increasing number of assessments. The first assessments are run using parameter values that favor accuracy over efficiency. Subsequent assessments are run using new parameter values estimated on the incomplete response patterns from previous assessments. Parameter estimation is carried out through a new probabilistic model for missing-at-random data. Two simulation studies show that, with the increasing number of assessments, the performance of the proposed procedure approaches that of gold standards. 相似文献
47.
Within the framework of knowledge space theory, a probabilistic skill multimap model for assessing learning processes is proposed.
The learning process of a student is modeled as a function of the interaction between his competence state and the effect
of a learning object on specific skills. Model parameters are initial probabilities of the skills, effects of learning objects
on gaining and losing the skills, careless error, and lucky guess probabilities of the problems. A simulation study assessed
model identifiability and goodness-of-recovery under several conditions. Practical implications of using the model are discussed,
and the MATLAB code for simulating, estimating and testing it is available in the Psychonomic Society supplemental archive. 相似文献
48.
While dreaming amputees often experience a normal body image and the phantom limb may not be present. However, dreaming experiences in amputees have mainly been collected by questionnaires. We analysed the dream reports of amputated patients with phantom limb collected after awakening from REM sleep during overnight videopolysomnography (VPSG). Six amputated patients underwent overnight VPSG study. Patients were awakened during REM sleep and asked to report their dreams. Three patients were able to deliver an account of a dream. In all dreaming recalls, patients reported that the amputated limbs were intact and completely functional and they no longer experienced phantom limb sensations. Phantom limb experiences, that during wake result from a conflict between a pre-existing body scheme and the sensory information on the missing limb, were suppressed during sleep in our patients in favour of the image of an intact body accessed during dream. 相似文献
49.
Mark Baetz Lucia Zivcakova Eileen Wood Amanda Nosko Domenica De Pasquale Karin Archer 《Journal of Academic Ethics》2011,9(3):217-234
The present study assessed business students’ responses to an innovative interactive presentation on academic integrity that
employed quoted material from previous students as launching points for discussion. In total, 15 business classes (n = 412 students) including 2nd, 3rd and 4th year level students participated in the presentations as part of the ethics component
of ongoing courses. Students’ perceptions of the importance of academic integrity, self-reports of cheating behaviors, and
factors contributing to misconduct were examined along with perceptions about the presentation. Discussion sessions revealed
that academic misconduct is a complex issue. For example, knowledge of what constitutes misconduct was not consistent across
domains (e.g. exam contexts versus group work), penalties were not wholly known, and there was variation in perceived responsibility
for reporting and representing academic integrity. Survey measures revealed that self-reported academic misconduct was more
prevalent than expected with only 7.5% of students indicating they had never cheated in any way. Furthermore, results showed
gender and year of study as predictive factors for issues related to academic misconduct. In general, students were receptive
to this form of presentation. The implications of such instructional interventions for enhancing ethical behaviors in higher
education classrooms are discussed. 相似文献
50.