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11.
Two studies investigated the different contribution of positive and negative associations to the size of the Implicit Association Test (IAT) effect. A Many-Facet Rasch Measurement analysis was applied for the purpose. Across different IATs (Race and Weight) and different groups of respondents (White, Normal weight, and Obese people) we observed that positive words increase the IAT effect whereas negative words tend to decrease it. Results suggest that the IAT is influenced by a positive associations primacy effect. As a consequence, we argue that researchers should be careful when interpreting IAT effects as a measure of implicit prejudice. 相似文献
12.
Analyses of certain communications reveal a content structure for the interpretation of destructive acts. 相似文献
13.
Attitudinal ambivalence has been found to moderate attitude–intention relations. However, no prior work has investigated the mechanisms by which this moderation effect occurs. The present research attempted to address this issue. Across two studies, there was evidence that an Ambivalence × Attitude interaction was mediated through judgements about attitude importance. Additionally, the present research ruled out the possibility that attitude certainty, a factor that is often found to be positively related to attitude importance, was not responsible for the observed mediating effects of this latter variable. While replicating previous evidence supporting the moderating properties of ambivalence on attitude–intention relations, the current research sheds light on the critical role that attitude importance plays in this relationship. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
14.
Luca Stefanutti Egidio Robusto Michelangelo Vianello Pasquale Anselmi 《Behavior research methods》2013,45(2):393-404
A formal model is proposed that decomposes the Implicit Association Test (IAT) effect into three process components: stimuli discrimination, automatic association, and termination criterion. Both response accuracy and reaction time are considered. Four independent and parallel Poisson processes, one for each of the four label categories of the IAT, are assumed. The model parameters are the rate at which information accrues on the counter of each process and the amount of information that is needed before a response is given. The aim of this study is to present the model and an illustrative application in which the process components of a Coca–Pepsi IAT are decomposed. 相似文献
15.
Catricalà E Rosa PA Ortelli P Ginex V Marcone A Perani D Cappa SF 《Behavioural neurology》2011,24(3):229-236
Posterior cortical atrophy (PCA) is an uncommon presentation of Alzheimer's disease (AD), characterised by prevalent anatomo-functional involvement of posterior cortical areas. Accordingly, the main clinical features at onset are disorders of high-order visual processing, such as alexia and impairments of visuo-spatial and visuo-constructional abilities. The clinical features in the early stages of disease are variable, and they have been suggested to stem from prevalent ventral or dorsal brain pathology, and/or asymmetric hemispheric involvement. With disease progression, these differences tend to blur with the increasing severity of neuropsychological dysfunction. We report two PCA patients showing different patterns of reading impairment (respectively, letter-by-letter reading and neglect dyslexia). A follow-up study suggested that the qualitative features of alexia remain distinctive with disease evolution. In addition, single photon emission tomography (SPECT) studies revealed different patterns of hypoperfusion, consistent with the alexia types. A careful reading assessment can provide important insights to the pattern of progression of the disease in patients with PCA up to the late stages of the pathology. 相似文献
16.
Pasquale Rinaldi Laura Barca Cristina Burani 《Behavior research methods, instruments & computers》2004,36(3):525-530
The CFVlexvar.xls database includes imageability, frequency, and grammatical properties of the first words acquired by Italian children. For each of 519 words that are known by children 18-30 months of age (taken from Caselli & Casadio's, 1995, Italian version of the MacArthur Communicative Development Inventory), new values of imageability are provided and values for age of acquisition, child written frequency, and adult written and spoken frequency are included. In this article, correlations among the variables are discussed and the words are grouped into grammatical categories. The results show that words acquired early have imageable referents, are frequently used in the texts read and written by elementary school children, and are frequent in adult written and spoken language. Nouns are acquired earlier and are more imageable than both verbs and adjectives. The composition in grammatical categories of the child's first vocabulary reflects the composition of adult vocabulary. The full set of these norms can be downloaded from www.psychonomic.org/archive/. 相似文献
17.
The CFVlexvar.xls database includes imageability, frequency, and grammatical properties of the first words acquired by Italian
children. For each of 519 words that are known by children 18–30 months of age (taken from Caselli & Casadio’s, 1995, Italian
version of the MacArthur Communicative Development Inventory), new values of imageability are provided and values for age
of acquisition, child written frequency, and adult written and spoken frequency are included. In this article, correlations
among the variables are discussed and the words are grouped into grammatical categories. The results show that words acquired
early have imageable referents, are frequently used in the texts read and written by elementary school children, and are frequent
in adult written and spoken language. Nouns are acquired earlier and are more imageable than both verbs and adjectives. The
composition in grammatical categories of the child’s first vocabulary reflects the composition of adult vocabulary. The full
set of these norms can be downloaded fromwww.psychonomic.org/archive/. 相似文献
18.
Ten male hypertensives, whose BPs were controlled on a combination of sympatholytic and diuretic medications, were given 16 sessions of thermal biofeedback prior to attempting withdrawal from the sympatholytic drug. Results were evaluated using 24-hr ambulatory BP monitoring (ABPM) as well as clinic and home BPs, both in multi-baseline-across-subject designs and as a single group. Results showed significant treatment effects on 24-hr ABPM data, both at the individual level (SBPs only) and in the aggregate analyses (SBP and DBP). BPs assessed in the clinic by random zero sphygmomanometer and patient-assessed home BPs were also reduced. 相似文献
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20.
Arzu Karakulak Maria Stogianni Itziar Alonso-Arbiol Shanu Shukla Michael Bender Victoria Wai Lan Yeung Veljko Jovanović Pasquale Musso Rosa Scardigno Riley A. Scott Jaimee Stuart Maria-Therese Friehs Zena Toh Nihan Albayrak-Aydemir Alexios Arvanitis Carmen Buzea Stefanos Mastrotheodoros Jo-Ann Tsang Filipa Madeira Diana Miconi Nicole Russell Pascual Wade C. Rowatt Rosemary L. Al-Kire Moty Amar Tugce Aral Guy Itzchakov Sushanta Kumar Mishra Roni Porat Rocco Servidio Delia Stefenel Ergyul Tair Alexandros Gkomez 《Social and Personality Psychology Compass》2023,17(11):e12878
Using cross-sectional data from N = 4274 young adults across 16 countries during the COVID-19 pandemic, we examined the cross-cultural measurement invariance of the perceived vulnerability to disease (PVD) scale and tested the hypothesis that the association between PVD and fear of COVID-19 is stronger under high disease threat [that is, absence of COVID-19 vaccination, living in a country with lower Human Development Index (HDI) or higher COVID-19 mortality]. Results supported a bi-factor Exploratory Structural Equation Modeling model where items loaded on a global PVD factor, and on the sub-factors of Perceived Infectability and Germ Aversion. However, cross-national invariance could only be obtained on the configural level with a reduced version of the PVD scale (PVD-r), suggesting that the concept of PVD may vary across nations. Moreover, higher PVD-r was consistently associated with greater fear of COVID-19 across all levels of disease threat, but this association was especially pronounced among individuals with a COVID-19 vaccine, and in contexts where COVID-19 mortality was high. The present research brought clarity into the dimensionality of the PVD measure, discussed its suitability and limitations for cross-cultural research, and highlighted the pandemic-related conditions under which higher PVD is most likely to go along with psychologically maladaptive outcomes, such as fear of COVID-19. 相似文献