Conceptos espaciales,mapas cognitivos y orientación en el espacio

RESUMEN

El tema del espacio ha sido abordado desde muy diferentes perspectivas. Desde la psicología del desarrollo, el modelo piagetano ha ofrecido un marco en el que pueden situarse muchos de los hallazgos sobre la representación del espacio y los mapas cognitivos. En este artículo se analizan los conceptos aplicados en este área (pensamiento, almacenamiento espacial, conceptos espaciales y mapas cognitivos, etc.) para ofrecer una serie de aclaraciones sobre estos temas. El objetivo es presentar y discutir estos conceptos y los estudios psicológicos que tratan de comprender el desarrollo de las nociones espaciales en los niños como instrumento de introducción a este área.     

Complex Adaptive Systems and Global Capitalism: The Risk of a New Ideology of Global Complexity

Since the foundation of the Santa Fe Institute, the new science of complex adaptive systems (CAS) has seen extraordinary development, breaking with previous, more epistemological, trends in complexity theory. This article makes a critique of CAS as a model of the current global complexity. Its basic model, the cellular automaton, which focuses on the interactive dynamics among components, ignores the nature of any complex system as constructed by the observer/actor and is unable to explain the sociohistorical construction of the agents/subjects (analyzed by Foucault) and the social structure in which they are located (analyzed by Bourdieu), thus being unable to accurately represent the overall social complexity.     

Taxonomy of the psychosocial consequences caused by the violence of persecution of ETA's network

This paper delimits and analyzes the effects of the harassment perpetrated by ETA's terrorist network in the Basque Country. The aim was to provide a taxonomy of the consequences of psychological violence and to validate this taxonomy, by means of a content analysis of 37 testimonies of victims of terrorist violence. The taxonomy of consequences of psychological violence is made up by four components: 1. the effects on the context of the persons affected, 2. on their emotional state, 3. on cognition and 4. on behavior. Results show a predominance of contextual consequences and negative cognitions. Intra-observer and inter-observer reliability analysis showed high stability and reproducibility coefficients. This study shows that harassment and psychological violence have major consequences not only for victims but also for family members, threatened collectives and even the society as a whole.