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161.
162.
The aims of our study were: (1) to determine if the acoustical parameters used by normal subjects to discriminate between
different speakers vary when comparisons are made between pairs of two of the same or different vowels, and if they are different
for male and female voices; (2) to ask whether individual voices can reasonably be represented as points in a low-dimensional
perceptual space such that similarly sounding voices are located close to one another. Subjects were presented with pairs
of voices from 16 male and 16 female speakers uttering the three French vowels “a”, “i” and “u” and asked to give speaker
similarity judgments. Multidimensional analyses of the similarity matrices were performed separately for male and female voices
and for three types of comparisons: same vowels, different vowels and overall average. The resulting dimensions were then
interpreted a posteriori in terms of relevant acoustical measures. For both male and female voices, a two-dimensional perceptual
space was found to be most appropriate, with axes largely corresponding to contributions of the larynx (pitch) and supra-laryngeal
vocal tract (formants), mirroring the two largely independent components of source and filter in voice production. These perceptual
spaces of male and female voices and their corresponding voice samples are available at: section Resources. 相似文献
163.
A new look at sensory attenuation. Action-effect anticipation affects sensitivity, not response bias
The systematic association of an action that a person performs with its sensory effects is thought to attenuate that person's perception of the effect of the action. However, whether learned sensorimotor contingencies truly affect perception, rather than just inducing a response bias, has yet to be determined. The experiment presented in this article comprised two parts: an action-effect association phase and a test phase, during which the actions' perceptual effects were tested. During the association phase, specific actions (left-key and right-key presses) were associated with specific visual effects (tilted Gabor patches). In the test phase, participants' left-key presses and right-key presses triggered the onset of a low-contrast tilted Gabor patch in 50% of trials (no stimulus was presented on the remaining 50% of trials). Participants were required to report the presence or absence of this tilted Gabor patch. Our results showed that participants' sensitivity (d') to the Gabor patches was reduced by 10% when the patches were triggered by the action they had previously been associated with. This finding indicates that a person's action does not induce a response bias (c), but changes the perception (d') of the learned action effect. 相似文献
164.
Eva G. T. Green Franciska Krings Christian Staerklé Adrian Bangerter Alain Clémence Pascal Wagner‐Egger Thierry Bornand 《Journal of community & applied social psychology》2010,20(4):299-316
Integrating evolutionary and social representations theories, the current study examines the relationship between perceived disease threat and exclusionary immigration attitudes in the context of a potential avian influenza pandemic. This large‐scale disease provides a realistic context for investigating the link between disease threat and immigration attitudes. The main aim of this cross‐sectional study (N = 412) was to explore mechanisms through which perceived chronic and contextual disease threats operate on immigration attitudes. Structural equation models show that the relationship between chronic disease threat (germ aversion) and exclusionary immigration attitudes (assimilationist immigration criteria, health‐based immigration criteria and desire to reduce the proportion of foreigners) was mediated by ideological and normative beliefs (social dominance orientation, belief in a dangerous world), but not by contextual disease threat (appraisal of avian influenza pandemic threat). Contextual disease threat only predicted support for health‐based immigration criteria. The conditions under which real‐life disease threats influence intergroup attitudes are scrutinized. Convergence and dissimilarity of evolutionary and social representational approaches in accounting for the link between disease threat and immigration attitudes are discussed. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
165.
The importance of social context in affecting attention has recently been highlighted by the finding that the presence of
a passive, nonevaluative confederate can improve selective attention. The underlying mechanism, however, remains unclear.
In this paper, we argue that social facilitation can be caused by distractor inhibition. Two distinct sources of evidence
are provided from an experiment employing the Stroop task with and without social presence. First, analysis of the response
time (RT) distribution indicates that interference is reduced at relatively long RTs. This is consistent with an inhibitory
mechanism, whose effects build up slowly. Further support is provided by showing that social facilitation is prevented by
using short response-to-stimulus intervals that are thought to reduce cognitive control processes. 相似文献
166.
Speech prosody has traditionally been considered solely in terms of its auditory features, yet correlated visual features exist, such as head and eyebrow movements. This study investigated the extent to which visual prosodic features are able to affect the perception of the auditory features. Participants were presented with videos of a speaker pronouncing two words, with visual features of emphasis on one of these words. For each trial, participants saw one video where the two words were identical in both pitch and amplitude, and another video where there was a difference in either pitch or amplitude that was congruent or incongruent with the visual changes. Participants were asked to decide which video contained the sound difference. Thresholds were obtained for the congruent and incongruent videos, and for an auditory-alone condition. It was found that the congruent thresholds were better than the incongruent thresholds for both pitch and amplitude changes. Interestingly, the congruent thresholds for amplitude were better than for the auditory-alone condition, which implies that the visual features improve sensitivity to loudness changes. These results demonstrate that visual stimuli can affect auditory thresholds for changes in pitch and amplitude, and furthermore support the view that visual prosodic features enhance speech processing. 相似文献
167.
168.
169.
Pascal Moliner 《European journal of social psychology》1995,25(1):27-40
This paper reports a series of four experiments conducted to gain insight into students' social representations of the firm. The results suggested a possible revision of the central core theory. They showed that the central elements of the representation were treated differently by the subjects. More specifically, the notion of Profit and Hierarchy, both central, did not play the same role in the representation. The subjects were found to grant evaluative power to the notion of Profit but not to the notion of Hierarchy. This differentiation by evaluative potential was also found for two peripheral elements. These differences suggest that independently of their central or peripheral nature, the various elements of a representation can be placed along an evaluative continuum. By combining the evaluative dimension and the central or peripheral dimension of the elements, we obtain a two-dimensional model of representations which divides discourse and cognition into four fields. 相似文献
170.
French male and female children performed a cognitive-perceptual task while anticipating or not public comparisons of their score with probably less fortunate others at a time when concerns about fitting in to social expectations were maximized. As predicted, boys performed better and girls poorer when social comparison was anticipated than when it was not. This suggested that task performance can depend on the compatibility of the social context of cognition with gender motivations or appropriate norms. 相似文献