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861.
Injeyan MC Shuman C Shugar A Chitayat D Atenafu EG Kaiser A 《Journal of genetic counseling》2011,20(5):526-540
Compassion fatigue (CMF) arises as a consequence of secondary exposure to distress and can be elevated in some health practitioners.
Locus of control and dispositional optimism are aspects of personality known to influence coping style. To investigate whether
these personality traits influence CMF risk, we surveyed 355 genetic counselors about their CMF, locus of control orientation,
and degree of dispositional optimism. Approximately half of respondents reported they experience CMF; 26.6% had considered
leaving their job due to CMF symptoms. Mixed-method analyses revealed that genetic counselors having an external locus of
control and low optimism were at highest risk for CMF. Those at highest risk experienced moderate-to-high burnout, low-to-moderate
compassion satisfaction, and tended to rely on religion/spirituality when coping with stress. CMF risk was not influenced
by years in practice, number of genetic counselor colleagues in the workplace, or completion of graduate training in this
area. Recommendations for practice and education are outlined. 相似文献
862.
Parnes HL 《The American journal of bioethics : AJOB》2011,11(12):30-31
Although imperfect, PSA testing is here to stay. Men who undergo PSA testing should do so with an understanding of the potential benefits (decreased prostate cancer mortality) and known risks (increased likelihood of being diagnosed with prostate cancer) of screening. The diagnosis of prostate cancer often leads to radical therapy in men who would never have known they had the disease if not for early detection. Although it is possible that 5-ARIs may occasionally cause a high-grade prostate cancer, the magnitude of this potential harm is likely to be tempered by earlier detection. Also balancing this potential harm is the well-established fact that the 5-ARIs decrease the likelihood that a man who desires PSA testing will become a prostate cancer patient. These are admittedly difficult risk–risk calculations. However, to suggest that only “unambiguously safe” drugs should be approved for cancer risk reduction sets a standard that can only be met by homeopathic nostrums. That is not the standard to which we should aspire. 相似文献
863.
To date, little is known about how work–family issues impact the career development process. In the current paper, we explore this issue by investigating a relatively unstudied construct: anticipated work–family conflict. We found that this construct can be represented by the same six-dimensional factor structure used to assess concurrent experiences of work–family conflict. Drawing upon the social-cognitive theory of career development (Lent, Brown, & Hackett, 1994) and the bi-directional model of the work–family interface (Frone, Russel, & Cooper, 1992), we investigated the nomological net of anticipated work–family conflict. Our findings and directions for future research and practice are presented. 相似文献
864.
Three experiments examined verbal short-term memory in comparison and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) participants. Experiment 1 involved forward and backward digit recall. Experiment 2 used a standard immediate serial recall task where, contrary to the digit-span task, items (words) were not repeated from list to list. Hence, this task called more heavily on item memory. Experiment 3 tested short-term order memory with an order recognition test: Each word list was repeated with or without the position of 2 adjacent items swapped. The ASD group showed poorer performance in all 3 experiments. Experiments 1 and 2 showed that group differences were due to memory for the order of the items, not to memory for the items themselves. Confirming these findings, the results of Experiment 3 showed that the ASD group had more difficulty detecting a change in the temporal sequence of the items. 相似文献
865.
Kathleen Marie Higgins 《Sophia》2011,50(2):239-245
Robert C. Solomon saw spirituality and emotion as interpenetrating themes. I will summarize his views on spirituality and
then introduce the articles in the special issue in his honor. Relating emotional integrity to spirituality, Bob argues that
it is precisely through engagement - throwing ourselves into relationships and endeavors - that we come to recognize ourselves
as part of something much larger than ourselves. Spirituality is an on-going adventure according to Bob, and it recommends
itself in the way that all adventures do. It is exciting and fun, a matter of an overflowing passionate life. 相似文献
866.
Sandahl C Lundberg U Lindgren A Rylander G Herlofson J Nygren A Asberg M 《International journal of group psychotherapy》2011,61(4):539-555
Patients on long-term sick-leave (> 90 days) from white collar work, with a diagnosis of work-related depression, dysthymia, or maladaptive stress reaction were randomized either to cognitive group therapy (CGT), focused psychodynamic group therapy (FGT), or to a comparison group. All patients were interviewed and responded to self-report questionnaires before the start of treatment and at 6 and 12 months. At the 12-month follow-up, 70% of the patients met the criteria for reliable change of the target symptom (depression), and the sample as a whole improved significantly on all measures used. However, there were no differences in outcome between the three treatment groups. 相似文献
867.
868.
Conners FA Loveall SJ Moore MS Hume LE Maddox CD 《Journal of experimental child psychology》2011,108(2):402-410
The self-teaching hypothesis suggests that children learn orthographic structure of words through the experience of phonologically recoding them. The current study is an individual differences analysis of the self-teaching hypothesis. A total of 40 children in Grades 2 and 3 (7-9 years of age) completed tests of phonological recoding, word identification, and orthographic knowledge. The relation of phonological recoding and word identification was significantly mediated by orthographic knowledge. Furthermore, two aspects of orthographic knowledge (perhaps word-specific and general orthographic knowledge) mediated different variance shared between phonological recoding and word identification. Results support an individual differences version of the self-teaching hypothesis and emphasize the importance of phonological recoding in the primary curriculum. 相似文献
869.
The current study investigated bullying behaviors in 284 school children in the fourth through seventh grades at the time of the initial assessment. Peer ratings of bullying behavior were obtained at the end of the spring semester of one school year and at the end of the fall semester of the next school year. Importantly, peer ratings were obtained by assessing not only the level at which participants actually bully other students but also whether participants help bullies to hurt the victim (assister), encourage bullies (reinforce), or help the victim of bullying (defender). Our results did not support the utility of differentiating between bullies, assisters, or reinforcers. Specifically, these bullying roles were highly intercorrelated, both concurrently and across school years, and they showed similar correlations with aggression and several characteristics often associated with aggression (i.e., conduct problems, callous-unemotional traits, and positive expectancies about aggression). In contrast, ratings of defending designated a particularly prosocial group of students. Finally, whereas bullying appeared to be very similar in boys and girls, it was somewhat more stable across school years and was related to lower levels of prosocial behavior in boys, both of which could suggest that bullying may be somewhat more related to social group dynamics in girls. 相似文献
870.
Helena D. Cooper‐Thomas Marie Gee Wilson 《International Journal of Selection & Assessment》2011,19(4):388-404
In recent years, organizational socialization research has focused increasingly on the tactics that newcomers use to guide their own adjustment. Various subsets of adjustment tactics have been studied, with minimal rationale as to why newcomers would use different behaviors. We present a typology for newcomer adjustment tactics, comprising opportunistic, self‐determined, and shared behaviors, to categorize and integrate all newcomer adjustment tactics identified to date. Next, we propose a model in which tactic use is a function of cost–benefit analyses – on performance, ego, and social dimensions – influenced by individual and contextual factors. This integrates the diverse literatures on socialization, adjustment, information seeking, feedback seeking, and coping. Integrating our initial tactics categorization and the cost–benefit model, we present a robust set of propositions that inform newcomers' perceptions and use of adjustment tactics. We conclude by presenting theoretical and practical implications for newcomer adjustment. 相似文献