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201.
Gender differences in the importance of six life success dimensions and their relationships to job satisfaction, job involvement, and propensity to stay on the job were examined among 756 working women and men in southeast Florida. Results showed that the female participants rated family relationships, personal fulfillment, and security as more important success measures than their male counterparts did, and they rated status/wealth as less important. Professional fulfillment and security were not significantly different. The relationships between measures of success and work behaviors also varied significantly by gender, even after controlling for demographic and job position variables. 相似文献
202.
Parker K 《Journal of personality assessment》1983,47(3):227-231
The results of a meta-analysis of Rorschach studies indicate that reliabilities in the order of .83 and higher and validity coefficients of .45 or .50 and higher can be expected for the Rorschach--when hypotheses supported by empirical or theoretical rationales are tested using reasonably powerful statistics. Three important determinants of variance accounted for in a variety of Rorschach scores were identified in 530 statistics from 39 papers published in the Journal of Personality Assessment from 1971 to 1980. The a priori theoretical or empirical evidence determining the likelihood of obtaining significant results, and the power of the statistic used to measure the results, as well as the interaction between the likelihood of results and the power of the statistic used, were all significant determinants of the proportion of variance accounted for in the Rorschach measures reported. 相似文献
203.
Examined the chronological and statistical relations among onsets of psychopathology, alcohol and cannabis use, and substance-related problem psychopathology, alcohol and cannabis use, and substance-related problems from late childhood through early adolescence in boys of fathers with substance use disorder (SUD; high average risk: n = 177) and without SUD (low average risk: n = 203) using survival analysis. Proportional hazard models indicated that antisocial disorders were predicted by risk group and mediated the observed relation between risk group and substance-related problems. Negative affect disorders were predicted by risk group but did not predict substance involvement in early adolescence. Results support a model in which paternal SUD predisposes to increased antisocial and negative affect disorders in boys, and antisocial disorders lead to substance-related problems in early adolescence. 相似文献
204.
205.
One extreme or the other or perhaps the golden mean? Issues of spatial resolution in face processing
The findings of some of the key studies that have examined the contribution of different bands of spatial information, specified
in terms of cycles per face, to face recognition, and identification are reviewed. Based on findings from studies of low-,
high-, and band-pass filtering, it is concluded that neither low facial scales nor high facial scales are optimal. Instead,
a center range of facial scales, approximately 8-16 cycles per face, appears to make the greatest contribution to the recognition
process. A study of identification of band-pass filtered faces is reported that reinforces the view derived from the literature.
This indicated that a band with a harmonic mean of 11.1 cycles per face provided the most efficient recognition, with speed
and accuracy declining at lower and higher bands. 相似文献
206.
Timo Lajunen Dianne Parker Heikki Summala 《Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour》1999,2(4):209
In his recent article about aggressive driving, David Shinar proposed that the classical frustration-aggression hypothesis (Dollard, J., Doob, L., Miller, N., Mowrer, O. & Sears, R. (1939). Frustration and aggression. New Haven, CN: Yale University Press) provides a useful tool for understanding driver aggression (Shinar, D. (1998). Aggressive driving: the contribution of the drivers and situation. Transportation Research Part F, 1, 137–160). According to Shinar's (1998) application of the frustration–aggression hypothesis, driver aggression is caused by frustration because of traffic congestion and delays. In the present study, the relationships between exposure to congestion (rush-hour driving) and aggressive violations (DBQ) were investigated in Great Britain, Finland and the Netherlands. Partial correlations showed that the frequency of rush-hour driving did not correlate statistically significantly with driver aggression. Correlations between driving during rush-hour and aggression did not differ in magnitude from those between driving on country roads and aggressive violations. In addition, correlations between exposure to congestion and aggressive violations in countries with large number of vehicles per road kilometre (UK, Netherlands) were not higher than those in a sparsely populated country (Finland). These results from three countries suggest that congestion does not increase driver aggression as directly as suggested by Shinar (1998). 相似文献
207.
Kelly Gurley Lambert Tara Neal Jill Noyes Conway Parker Pamela Worrel 《Current psychology (New Brunswick, N.J.)》1991,10(4):297-303
In the present study, the effect of food-related cues on the desire to eat chocolate in hungry and satiated subjects was investigated.
Subjects (n=46) were randomly assigned to either a hungry or satiated group and then assigned to a group receiving one of the following
stimuli: taste (2 M&Ms), sight (a photograph of M&Ms), cognition (a passage describin M&Ms), or control (no stimulus). In
each testing session, subjects rated their desire to eat chocolate before and after the 90-s presentation of the particular
stimulus. Each subject was then given a half pound of M&Ms so that actual consumption could also be measured. Results indicated
that, following the presentation of the sight and taste stimuli, the subjects’ desire to eat chocolate was significantly increased.
Furthermore, no differences in chocolate consumption due to state of hunger or type of food-related stimulus presented were
found. 相似文献
208.
D. M. Parker 《Quarterly journal of experimental psychology (2006)》1973,25(3):289-299
Subjects were adapted for 45 s to a 5 cycle per degree grating, tilted 10° from the vertical, and at one of four levels of luminance contrast. Estimates of the slope of the grating, or of a single line which replaced the grating, were obtained before and after the period of adaptation by the subject's setting of a single reference line which was located 3° from the edge of the grating. In Experiment I the fixation area was at the centre of the grating, so that half of the grating fell on each retinal hemifield. The reference line was set to a tilt further from the vertical following the period of adaptation, indicating either a change in the apparent orientation of the grating or the reference line. In Experiment II, where the fixation area was midway between the grating and the reference line, so that line and grating appeared in different hemifields, settings indicated no change in the tilt of the grating. In Experiment III, where the fixation area was again midway between grating and setting line, but where the grating was replaced by a single line after the adaptation period, settings indicated that the line had decreased in apparent tilt. The results of the three experiments indicate that while gratings either do not normalize or do so to an insignificant extent they produce a substantial amount of normalization on a single line. Comparison of the results of Experiments I and II shows that spread of this effect outside the directly adapted area is less across the naso-temporal division of the retina than within the same hemifield. 相似文献
209.
Randall Parker 《Journal of Vocational Behavior》1974,5(1):31-39
Prediction models employing multiple linear regression of raw scores, multiple linear regression of factor scores, the single best predictor, and a nine-point decision rule index were compared. The subjects were 296 clients undergoing vocational counseling and evaluation. Predictor variables included performance ratings, demographic variables, and WAIS subtest scores; the criterion was employment status upon program completion. The least statistically sophisticated model, employing the single best predictor, was the most successful approach. Considerable shrinkage in power of prediction was demonstrated upon cross-validation particularly for multiple linear regression of raw scores model, indicating the necessity of cross-validating prediction schemes. Additional suggestions are made to those designing prediction studies. 相似文献
210.
Behavioral diversity in ten species of nonhuman primates 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
C E Parker 《Journal of comparative psychology (Washington, D.C. : 1983)》1974,87(5):930-937