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241.
Spiezio Caterina Sandri Camillo Joubert Flavien Muzungaile Marie-May Remy Selby Mattarelli Paola Regaiolli Barbara 《Animal cognition》2022,25(1):195-203
Animal Cognition - Although some studies investigated lateralization in reptiles, little research has been done on chelonians, focusing only on few behaviours such as righting response and escape... 相似文献
242.
Cross‐situational statistical learning of words involves tracking co‐occurrences of auditory words and objects across time to infer word‐referent mappings. Previous research has demonstrated that learners can infer referents across sets of very phonologically distinct words (e.g., WUG, DAX), but it remains unknown whether learners can encode fine phonological differences during cross‐situational statistical learning. This study examined learners’ cross‐situational statistical learning of minimal pairs that differed on one consonant segment (e.g., BON–TON), minimal pairs that differed on one vowel segment (e.g., DEET–DIT), and non‐minimal pairs that differed on two or three segments (e.g., BON–DEET). Learners performed above chance for all pairs, but performed worse on vowel minimal pairs than on consonant minimal pairs or non‐minimal pairs. These findings demonstrate that learners can encode fine phonetic detail while tracking word‐referent co‐occurrence probabilities, but they suggest that phonological encoding may be weaker for vowels than for consonants. 相似文献
243.
Francesco Giaquinto Giorgia Tosi Chiara Abbatantuono Ilaria Pepe Marika Iaia Luigi Macchitella Ezia Rizzi Maria Fara De Caro Daniele Romano Paolo Taurisano Paola Angelelli 《Journal of Neuropsychology》2023,17(3):477-490
Cognitive reserve (CR) allows individuals to maintain cognitive functionality even in the presence of pathologies. The compensation hypothesis suggests that CR plays an indirect role between age and cognitive decline, contrasting the negative effect of ageing on cognition. We test this hypothesis in an unselected and consecutively enrolled sample of memory clinic attendees (n = 134) who completed the CR Index questionnaire and three neuropsychological tests assessing global cognition (MMSE, FAB, CDT). Participants were divided into two groups based on standard diagnostic criteria (DSM-5): those who were cognitively impaired (n = 92) and those who were preserved (n = 42). A principal component analysis was used to extract a composite measure of global cognitive functioning from the three neuropsychological tests, and mediation analysis was used to examine the relationship between CR, age and global cognitive functioning in the two groups. Results revealed that: (i) age had a significant direct negative effect on the global cognitive score in both groups; (ii) the three socio-behavioural proxies of CR together suppress the direct negative relationship between age and global cognitive score in cognitively impaired patients but not in cognitively preserved participants. This study confirms the association between CR, age and cognition and allows us to validate its role in a population with cognitive impairment and extend findings to a low-to-middle educated population. These results hold important implications for public health and wellness promotion, emphasising the beneficial role of maintaining healthy and active physical, cognitive and social lifestyles. 相似文献
244.
Aviles-Rosa Edgar O. Fernandez Lauren S. Collins-Pisano Courtney Prada-Tiedemann Paola A. Hall Nathaniel J. 《Animal cognition》2022,25(6):1609-1620
Animal Cognition - Odor generalization is essential for detection dogs. Regardless of its importance, limited research is available on detection dog odor generalization. The objectives of this... 相似文献
245.
246.
Paola Ricciardelli Claudia Bonfiglioli Roberto Nicoletti Carlo Umiltà 《Psychological research》2001,65(2):98-106
In a series of five experiments we investigated whether observers could focus attention on a restricted visual area that
was demarcated by Kanizsa-like subjective contours, and whether this effect also occurred in the case of overlapping figures.
The task was a simple reaction time to a luminance increment and the basic finding was that reaction time was faster when
the imperative stimulus fell inside the focus of attention than when it fell outside. The first two experiments showed that
the extent of the attentional focus could be adapted to a region that was demarcated by subjective contours, thus extending
the results of previous studies that used regions demarcated by real contours. The last three experiments showed that, regardless
of the type of margins, focusing was more efficient for the figure that was perceived as lying in front in a pair of overlapping
figures.
Received: 21 December 1999 / Accepted: 23 August 2000 相似文献
247.
Maria Nives Sala Francisco Pons Paola Molina 《The British journal of developmental psychology》2014,32(4):440-453
This study investigated the development of emotion regulation strategies as reflected in the narratives of children between the ages of 3 and 6 years. An experimental procedure based on story completion tasks was devised to elicit the emotion‐related narratives of 69 preschool children. Coding of the narratives led to the observation of different emotion regulation strategies: Behavioural strategies, social support, and cognitive reappraisal. Several significant gender and age differences were identified in the use of these strategies. In addition, verbal skills, non‐verbal intelligence, and emotion comprehension were found to be associated with use of the observed emotion regulation strategies, although only at specific ages. 相似文献
248.
Continental Philosophy Review - 相似文献
249.
Factorial structure of the ‘ToM Storybooks’: A test evaluating multiple components of Theory of Mind 下载免费PDF全文
Daniela Bulgarelli Silvia Testa Paola Molina 《The British journal of developmental psychology》2015,33(2):187-202
This study examined the factorial structure of the Theory of Mind (ToM) Storybooks, a comprehensive 93‐item instrument tapping the five components in Wellman's model of ToM (emotion recognition, understanding of desire and beliefs, ability to distinguish between physical and mental entities, and awareness of the link between perception and knowledge). A sample of 681 three‐ to eight‐year‐old Italian children was divided into three age groups to assess whether factorial structure varied across different age ranges. Partial credit model analysis was applied to the data, leading to the empirical identification of 23 composite variables aggregating the ToM Storybooks items. Confirmatory factor analysis was then conducted on the composite variables, providing support for the theoretical model. There were partial differences in the specific composite variables making up the dimensions for each of the three age groups. A single test evaluating distinct dimensions of ToM is a valuable resource for clinical practice which may be used to define differential profiles for specific populations. 相似文献
250.
Paola Magnano Andrea Zammitti Rossana Dibilio Palmira Faraci 《Mental health, religion & culture》2019,22(6):626-644
ABSTRACTSpiritual well-being is a multidimensional construct that includes both existential and religious dimensions. It is associated with several indicators of well-being, as self-esteem and assertiveness. The study presents the adaptation of the Jarel Spiritual Well-Being Scale to the Italian context. The participants are 531 Italian adults. The survey includes: Hope State Scale, Adult Hope Scale, General Self-Efficacy Scale, Vision about Future Scale, and Satisfaction with Life Scale. The measures selected aim to verify the external validity of the Jarel Spiritual Well-Being Scale. Data analysis shows good psychometric properties of the Jarel Spiritual Well-Being Scale: the good external validity is confirmed by the significant correlations with the other measures, while the confirmatory factor analysis highlights some differences in the structure of the scale respect to the original version, probably due to cultural differences among US and Italian samples, that required a new factorial solution for the Italian version of the scale. 相似文献