中学班级环境与学生学业成绩的关系

本文以<我的班级>为测量工具,对珠三角地区某三个初级中学365名学生为被试,探讨初中班级环境的特点及其与学生学业成绩的关系.结果表明:师生关系与语文、数学、英浯这三科的成绩呈显著的正相关;师生关系、同学关系对学生学业成绩有显著的正向预测作用;学习负担与学生学习成绩呈显著的负相关.     

中国市民社会研究的伦理反思

跳出传统思维的"国家-市民社会"二分的社会理论研究路径,走向"家庭-市民社会-国家"三分的伦理研究思维模式是我们基于历史与逻辑、当下与未来的可能选择.     

Gender variance in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder from the National Database for Autism Research

Previous studies suggest elevated rates of gender variance (GV), the wish to be of the other gender, in those with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). This study aimed to understand the rate of GV in children and adolescents with ASD and explore differences in sex, age, and emotional-behavioral problems relative to those referred to clinical services for mental health concerns (“referred”) and to the general population (“non-referred”). A secondary analysis of data from the National Database for Autism Research was used to explore GV using a child behavior checklist, parent report, in 176 children aged 6 to 18 year with ASD compared to referred and non-referred cohorts. GV was present in 4.0% of the ASD group, higher than for the non-referred group (0.7%) but similar to the referred group (4.0%). There were no significant sex differences in GV prevalence (males 3.7%, females 6.0%) in the ASD group. That the GV rate was elevated in ASD relative to non-referred samples but similar to clinically referred samples suggests that elevated rates of GV were not specific to ASD and may be more broadly associated with neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders of childhood. Further population-based research using clinical assessment for gender dysphoria is required in individuals with ASD and other neurodevelopmental disorders.     

英国福利制度的伦理考量及启示

庇古的"福利经济学"理论、凯恩斯的国家干预主义、贝弗里奇报告是英国福利制度产生的理论依据.不仅其建立本身的立足点是道德的,而且国家对经济生活的干预也是道德的.英国福利制度理论的道德基础在于:英国福利制度追求社会公平,缩小贫富差距,消除贫困,保护弱势群体的价值诉求主要体现在如何对待老人、儿童、残疾人、单身母亲以及失业贫困人员等身上.从积极方面看,英国的福利制度是由国家立法而建立起来的比较完善的社会保障制度,是西方资本主义发展到一定阶段的产物;从消极方面看,其社会福利政策建立的初衷是为了社会公正,但结果却很可能造成新的不公正.尽管英国的福利政策和社会保障制度的实践存在许多问题,但也给我们提供了极为丰富的伦理启示:社会发展应当更加突出对弱势群体的关怀;社会福利制度在注意努力实现公平与效率的动态平衡时应更加注重公平;建立完善的福利制度有助于整个社会的道德进步与和谐.     

Intensive Home Based Services Within a Comprehensive System of Care for Youth

Within a comprehensive mental health service array for youth, Intensive Home Based Services (IHBS) are designed to meet the needs of youth with significant emotional and behavioral problems in their home communities, avoiding the need for out-of-home services, particularly residential care. We examined youth receiving IHBS as their first service in the state of Hawaii system of care (N = 163) to determine how successful IHBS were in preventing the need for more restrictive services within 12 months of intake. Subsequently, we investigated characteristics that might be predictive of a youth’s need for service intensification within 12 months. Logistic regression analyses found that greater age, level of service need, and functional impairment at intake predicted use of more restrictive services within 12 months of intake, whereas gender, ethnicity, diagnosis, service intensity, and clinician credentials did not. Overall, our findings suggested that IHBS were reasonably successful in preventing residential placements, and provided some basis for determining characteristics of youth likely to require more restrictive placements within a one year period.     

小学生阅读迁移机制的初步研究--字词表征还是内容表征

探讨文章字词与内容在小学生篇章阅读迁移中的作用。结果发现,阅读水平和阅读条件均对阅读迁移效果有显著主效应。阅读水平低的被试的阅读准确性提高得更大;完全重复条件和词汇重复条件在阅读时间和准确性上都没有显著差异,完全重复条件下的阅读时间和准确性均比意义重复及无相关条件的阅读时间和准确性提高得更多;词汇重复条件下的阅读时间和准确性显著高于意义重复条件下的成绩;词汇相同的阅读准确性也显著高于无相关条件下的阅读准确性。据此,我们可以初步得出小学生的篇章阅读迁移主要依赖词汇表征,即词汇表征是小学生篇章阅读迁移的主要机制。     

中学生自主学习的教学指导模式研究

国内外业已开发出众多旨在培养中学生自主学习的教学模式,基于理论和教学经验分析,我们概括出中学生自主学习教学指导的一般模式,本研究以330名中学生为被试,分别在初中和高中的若干学科对这一教学模式进行检验。结果显示,自主学习的一般教学模式能够在一定程度上增强中学生的自主学习能力,提高中学生的学习成绩,能够为任课教师接受和掌握,具有广泛的适用性。     

4—6岁幼儿在物质缺失条件下交往策略的实验研究

运用自然实验法探讨４—６岁幼儿在物质缺失的条件下交往策略的特点以及他们在年龄、类型、性别维度上的分布特征。结果表明：随年龄增长，幼儿交往策略的水平在不断提高，但以５岁幼儿提高最为明显；性别特征不影响幼儿发起、协调、交换等交往策略的水平；在交换的四种类型中，按人数多少的顺序，依次为Ａ型、Ｃ型、Ｄ型、Ｂ型。     

Reading thousands of books and traveling thousands of miles: Diversity of life experience mediates the relationship between family SES and creativity

This study examined the relationship between family SES and children’s creativity, and tested the mediating role of diversity of life experience in this relationship. A total of 204 undergraduates (54 males and 150 females), aged between 17 and 23 years, completed a family SES questionnaire, diversity of life experience questionnaire, biographical inventory of creative behaviors, and alternative uses tasks (AUT). The results showed positive associations between family SES, diversity of life experience, and different indices of creativity. Additionally, mediation analyses indicated that diversity of life experience fully mediated the effect of family SES on creative behavior and AUT originality. In accordance with the family investment model, these results confirmed the positive association between family SES and creativity, and identified diversity of life experience as a mediating variable through which family SES influences creativity performance. Implications and future directions are discussed in detail.