Culturally adapted versus standard exposure treatment for phobic Asian Americans: Treatment efficacy, moderators, and predictors

This study is a 6-month follow-up of a randomized pilot evaluation of standard one-session treatment (OST-S) versus culturally adapted OST (OST-CA) with phobic Asian Americans. OST-CA included seven cultural adaptations drawn from prior research with East Asians and Asian Americans. Results from 1-week and 6-month follow-up show that both OST-S and OST-CA were effective at reducing phobic symptoms compared with self-help control. Moreover, OST-CA was superior to OST-S for several outcomes. For catastrophic thinking and general fear, moderator analyses indicated that low-acculturation Asian Americans benefitted more from OST-CA than OST-S, whereas both treatments were equally effective for high-acculturation participants. Although cultural process factors (e.g., facilitating emotional control, exploiting the vertical therapist-client relationship) and working alliance were predictive of positive outcomes, they did not mediate treatment effects. This study offers a potential model for evaluating cultural adaptation effects, as well as the mechanisms that account for such effects.     

暴食症的诊断、治疗及其疗效

暴食症已成为目前世界上广泛流行的三大进食障碍之一,我国患者亦不在少数并有增加之势,但对暴食症的研究与治疗尚属起步阶段。文章回顾了暴食症的表征及其诊断技术,简要介绍了常见的三种治疗方法（即行为疗法、认知疗法及伴随症状改善法）,并讨论了影响暴食症疗效的诸个体因素。暴食症的诊断主要是根据美国精神疾病诊断与统计手册第四版（DSM-IV）、进食障碍检测评估表（EDE）（治疗者用）和患者用进食障碍检测问卷（EDE-Q）（患者用）,并结合过往病史和伴随症状。三类治疗方法在理论与操作层面各有倚重,均可收到一定治疗效果。但各疗法的效果与预后会因患者而异甚或迥乎相异,这是因为暴食症疗效还受到患者自身人格、社会和认知诸因素的影响,治疗者应根据特定患者选择适合该患者的疗法。     

Feeling right or being right: When strong assessment yields strong correction

Negotiators in regulatory fit report feeling right about an upcoming negotiation more than those in non-fit, and this intensifies their responses to negotiation preparation (Appelt et al. in Soc Cogn 27(3), 365–384, 2009). High assessors emphasize critical evaluation and being right (Higgins et al. in Advances in experimental social psychology, Vol 35, pp 293–344, 2003). This emphasis should motivate them to engage in correction processes when they only feel right—so strongly as to produce elimination, and perhaps even overcorrection, of the fit effects found previously. We found that low assessors replicated regulatory fit effects on negotiation preparation measures of anticipated performance and perceived assessment competence. For high assessors, however, these fit effects were eliminated and even reversed to some extent. This is consistent with the prediction that high assessors correct because they want to be right, and not just feel right, and correcting can result in overcorrection. Implications for understanding the trade-offs of a strong assessment orientation are discussed.     

价值预设事物与事态——迈农对象理论中的价值论问题

迈农在对象理论中根据经验的"心理预设"确立了一系列对象之间的先验预设关系,其中价值预设事物与事态的关系表明:非个人价值作为高阶对象而潜存,它是价值判断的终极标准。对象理论深入讨论了价值的存在和把握问题,可被视为一种独特的价值论。     

资本逻辑与理性的自我分裂

对于现代性的矛盾,西方许多思想家都把其根源归结为理性的自我分裂。在马克思主义的视域中把握现代性的理性分裂,重要的一点,是透过马克思所发现的资本逻辑来审视理性在现代社会发展进程中的生成与蜕变。启蒙理性从自我解放、自我实现走向自我逆转、自我毁灭的辩证法根植于资本的矛盾逻辑。资本逻辑在推动理性化蓬勃发展的同时,也埋下了理性自我分裂的种子,诱发了理性化进程的全面逆转。在资本逻辑的要求下,理性发生自我分裂,片面发展为"工具理性",蜕化为"经济理性",并进一步逆转为"反理性",最终蜕变为对人类自身进行支配的"权力"。由此,理性的自我分裂便构成了现代性矛盾的重要因素。     

第二人称观点、规范性与道德可说明性

规范理由与激发理由之间的张力,在现代道德理论的外在"立法"模式的衬托下显得格外突出。不论是第三人称观点的后果主义还是对道义论的某种理解,都不可逃避地存在着这方面的缺陷。达沃尔在他对"第二人称观点"的阐发中,试图调和"费希特观点"、"普芬道夫观点"和"斯特劳森观点",对"规范性的源泉何在"以及"何以理解道德规范的客观性"这两个问题作出回答,从而为理解规范理由与激发理由之间的连接提供了一个可能的途径。     

言语和非言语信号加工的早期分离——来自ERP研究的证据

利用128导事件相关电位技术,对19名正常被试在言语、峰鸣声和音乐刺激上产生的脑电早期外源性成分N1进行了考察。实验结果发现,在音素条件和蜂鸣声条件下,左侧额叶N1波幅显著高于右侧。偶极子溯源分析发现音素条件和蜂鸣声条件下的偶极子都位于左脑额叶,而音乐条件下的两个偶极子位于右脑额叶。证明范畴属性对信号加工大脑半球优势的影响在加工的早期就开始发挥作用。     

应激干预对抑郁症患者心率变异性的影响

探讨分别以放松训练和静坐两种干预方式对抗心算对抑郁症患者心率变异性的影响 ,以及正常人、单纯抑郁症患者和伴焦虑症状的抑郁症患者在心率变异性上的差异.结果显示,静息状态下伴焦虑症状的抑郁症患者的交感神经功能亢进,兴奋性高于另外两组;放松训练可以缓解交感神经的紧张程度,并能够较静坐更好得对抗应激引起的交感神经活动增强;静坐对单纯抑郁症患者和对照组有放松作用,但引起伴焦虑症状的抑郁症患者紧张情绪.     

心理弹性（Resilience）研究的回顾与展望

二三十年来,心理弹性(resilience)发展现象受到研究界日益广泛的关注并开展了大量研究,这动摇了研究界长期笃信的压力/逆境对人的发展的功能影响的传统认识,促使人们从多重结果的角度审视压力/逆境之于心理发展的作用,并以积极的视角看待压力/逆境中人的发展.本文首先探讨了resilience的中文译法,接下来对心理弹性研究的缘起、沿革、成果方面进行了梳理与回顾,总结了该领域研究当前面离临的重要问题,尝试对心理弹性研究何去何从予以前瞻性探析.     

从概念界定角度看控制感研究中的问题

在目前关于“控制感”的研究中,概念界定一直是困扰许多研究者的问题。研究从控制源、自我效能感两个概念出发,阐述控制感概念与两者之间存在区别,包含更多的内容,提出控制感概念界定可以从方向和强度上予以考虑,并将控制感定义为：个体相信自己能够影响事件地进行而获得所期望结果的程度,而且这种影响是由个体自己而非外界的因素来决定的。概念的清晰界定对于今后控制感的测量和理论发展有着较大的益处。