依恋对情绪调节过程的影响

以依恋理论为基础的研究已证明依恋对情绪调节的影响,但这些研究忽视了情绪调节作为一个过程的复杂性和多样性,因此现有研究无法回答依恋为何会对情绪调节产生影响。扩展过程模型将情绪调节分为三个阶段,并清晰地描述了情绪调节的过程以及过程中各因素之间的关系。从该模型来看,在情绪调节的三个阶段均可发现与依恋有关的个体差异,并且依恋对于情绪调节早期阶段的影响可能是导致后期阶段产生个体差异的原因。未来的研究应在探讨依恋对情绪调节的影响的同时关注环境因素的影响;设计新的实验范式以证实情绪调节三阶段的连续性并探索依恋影响情绪调节的潜在机制;探讨依恋对情绪调节灵活性的影响。此外,未来的干预研究应设计更具针对性的干预措施来改善非安全依恋个体的情绪调节。     

Assessing potential effects of daily cross-domain usage of information and communication technologies

ABSTRACT

A within-person diary research design with 39 full-time workers was used to examine the effects of daily cross-domain usage of information and communication technologies (ICTs) on job-related performance and stress in both workplace and home domains. Segmentation preference effects on links between cross-domain ICT usage and both job performance and job stress were also analyzed. A positive association was found for the first relationship in mixed home-workplace contexts, and a negative association for the second in home contexts only. A stronger segmentation preference effect on the negative relationship between cross-domain ICT usage and job stress was found for integrators (employees who integrate work and home domains) compared to separators (employees who separate work/non-work activities). Our findings suggest that daily cross-domain ICT usage can enhance job performance and reduce job stress, with a moderating effect of segmentation preference on the link between cross-domain ICT usage and job stress.     

应当关注新兴膜拜团体的破坏性因素

当代中国的邪教问题,在国际学术语境可称为"破坏性膜拜团体"问题。破坏性膜拜团体对发展中国家造成的冲击力,远远超过发达国家。我们应当关注新兴膜拜团体中的破坏性因素。目前,世界上新兴膜拜团体仍层出不穷。15年内,法国的新兴膜拜教派由172个迅速增加到500～600个。新兴膜拜团体问题,在当代学术界是个边缘性议题。但是,这个问题在现实生活中依然存在,仍是影响社会和谐发展的一个因素。当代中国的膜拜团体实际现状如何?它的性质、原因、作用如何?其中破坏性因素的特点是什么?怎样防范其危害社会稳定和国家安全?建议有关部门开展持续深入的调查研究,制定并不断调整相应的政策;同时重视开展学术研究,在国际舞台上建立中国自己的话语权。     

池莉小说的女性视角探微

池莉倡导“原生态写作”,主要表现在文本的实录感上。池莉从不将人物变成政治道德价值的符号,她的作品中毫无概念化的痕迹,她反对按理论教条营造情节,将生活理性化,也不愿片面地去搜寻自然界、社会中的温馨的美好,将生活“诗意化”,而是要“写和我们生活一样真实的小说”。因此,她以实证的方式考察生活,以实录的方式再现生活,给人以真人真事的实录感。在其写作中,非常集中而深刻地表现了女性的情怀,表现在有意模糊性别、突出欲望主体、逃离爱情的意义几方面。     

石头希迁“杼载绝岳”考辨

禅宗早期发展史不甚明了,多有疑点。唐代高僧石头希迁(700-790)是禅宗七祖青原行思的唯一嗣法弟子,也是"石头宗"的祖师,对于梳理早期禅宗史具有重要意义。宋代赞宁(919-1002)撰写的《宋高僧传》是研究禅宗早期历史的重要资料,目前《永乐北藏》《乾隆大藏经》《大正藏》等各版本《宋高僧传》中关于石头希迁的传记,内容基本相同,仅少数几处表述略有出入。《希迁传》中"杼载绝岳"四字,各版本虽皆相同,然甚为可疑,之前解释稍显牵强。笔者不揣谫陋,试对此略作辨析。     

Feature integration is not the whole story of the sequence effects of symbolic cueing

ABSTRACT

Sequential modulations in symbolic cueing tasks have been attributed to complete versus partial repetition/alternation of stimulus features between consecutive trials. This feature-integration hypothesis is questioned by recent findings and further investigated in the present study. In the first two experiments, when the cueing axes switched between trials, only complete alternation of cue directions and target locations existed. Nevertheless, significant sequence effects were still found in this condition, which did not support the feature-integration hypothesis. Furthermore, although sequence effects were still significant when stimulus identities were manipulated in Experiment 3, it was abolished when different cue categories (gaze and arrow) were presented as cues in Experiment 4. The findings suggest that the integration of stimulus features is not the only source of the sequential effect and some higher level cognitive mechanisms, possibly as described in the task-file or task organization hypotheses, are involved in the sequential modulations of symbolic cueing.     

Hospitalizations for Suicide‐Related Drug Poisonings and Co‐occurring Alcohol Overdoses in Adolescents (Ages 12–17) and Young Adults (Ages 18–24) in the United States, 1999–2008: Results from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample

Drug poisoning is the leading method of suicide‐related deaths among females and third among males in the United States. Alcohol can increase the severity of drug poisonings, yet the prevalence of alcohol overdoses in suicide‐related drug poisonings (SRDP) remains unclear. Data from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample was examined to determine rates of inpatient hospital stays for SRDP and co‐occurring alcohol overdoses in adolescents (ages 12–17) and young adults (ages 18–24) between 1999 and 2008. Among adolescents, there were 14,615 hospitalizations for drug poisonings in 2008, of which 72% (10,462) were suicide‐related at a cost of $43 million. Rates of SRDP in this age group decreased between 1999 and 2008. The prevalence of co‐occurring alcohol overdoses increased from 5% in 1999 to 7% in 2008. Among young adults, there were 32,471 hospitalizations for drug poisonings in 2008, of which 64% (20,746) were suicide‐related at a cost of $110 million. Rates of SRDP did not change significantly between 1999 and 2008. The prevalence of co‐occurring alcohol overdoses increased from 14% in 1999 to 20% in 2008. Thus, while rates of SRDP decreased for adolescents and remained unchanged for young adults, the prevalence of co‐occurring alcohol overdoses increased for both age groups. Such hospitalizations provide important opportunities to employ intervention techniques to prevent further suicide attempts.     

Starting small: Revisiting young children's perceptions of social withdrawal in China

In this reply to the commentaries by Xinyin Chen, Charissa Cheah, Yiyuan Xu, and Dawn Watling, we further discuss the conceptual and methodological challenges that arise when attempting to study beliefs about social withdrawal (1) in the unique cultural context of China and (2) in the unique developmental age period of early childhood.