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31.
近年来,从全球史的角度来理解世界历史已经成为史学界学术研究的一种重要方式。同样是对世界历史问题的把握,却出现了许多不同的观点。出于对学术前沿问题的关注,本刊组织了国内学界同仁对1500年以来的世界历史及其相关问题展开讨论,他们通过会议、书信等方式进行交流、沟通,于是便形成了今天这样的笔谈。从总体上看,这一组笔谈有三个方面的特点:一是突出马克思主义史学观的指导意义。无论是对历史形态的把握,还是对历史具体问题的讨论,始终坚持马克思主义的历史思想。二是多元的历史思维方法。对世界历史,尤其是1500年以来充满动荡和冲突的世界历史,坚持从不同的视角、以不同的思维方式和研究方法,而不是以单向思维的方式去认识,对于寻求历史真理来说十分重要。三是平等对话的讨论方式。资深学者和青年学者可以讨论,作者与作者之间可以讨论,作者与学界其他观点可以讨论。在平等的对话中走到学界前沿,寻求对于这一段历史的真理性的认识。 相似文献
32.
池莉倡导“原生态写作”,主要表现在文本的实录感上。池莉从不将人物变成政治道德价值的符号,她的作品中毫无概念化的痕迹,她反对按理论教条营造情节,将生活理性化,也不愿片面地去搜寻自然界、社会中的温馨的美好,将生活“诗意化”,而是要“写和我们生活一样真实的小说”。因此,她以实证的方式考察生活,以实录的方式再现生活,给人以真人真事的实录感。在其写作中,非常集中而深刻地表现了女性的情怀,表现在有意模糊性别、突出欲望主体、逃离爱情的意义几方面。 相似文献
33.
Zexuan Pan Ying Cui Jacqueline P. Leighton Maria Cutumisu 《Applied cognitive psychology》2023,37(1):71-95
This systematic review examines 35 empirical studies featuring the use of think-aloud interviews in computational thinking (CT) research. Findings show that think-aloud interviews (1) are typically conducted in Computer Science classrooms and with K-12 students; (2) are usually combined with other exploratory CT assessment tools; (3) have the potential to benefit learners with special needs and identify the competency gaps through involving diverse participants; (4) are conducted in the absence of cognitive models and standard procedures; and (5) display insufficient definitional and methodological rigor. Theoretically, this review presents a systematic assessment about the application of think-aloud interviews in CT studies and identifies the limitations in existing CT-related think-aloud studies. Practically, this review serves as a reference for studying the cognitive processes during CT problem-solving and provides suggestions for CT researchers who intend to incorporate think-aloud interviews in their studies. 相似文献
34.
Animal Cognition - The outcomes of recent fights can provide individuals information about their relative fighting ability and affect their contest decisions (winner–loser effects). Most... 相似文献
35.
Yanfen You Jingjing Pan Xiaojing Yang Xianzheng Fei 《Journal of Consumer Psychology》2022,32(3):509-516
Multifunctional products are ubiquitous in consumers' daily lives. However, scant research has examined whether and how the presence of multifunctional products systematically alters consumer behavior beyond product evaluations and adoption. Across four experiments and three supplementary studies, the authors identify a multifunction-impatience effect. They show that after exposure to multifunctional (vs. single-function) products, consumers are more likely to choose a smaller but sooner (vs. a larger but later) reward (Study 1), report more impatience when waiting for the web search results to load and perceive the loading time as longer (Study 2), and are willing to pay more for expedited shipping (Study 3). The authors further show that the effects occur because multifunctional products activate an efficiency goal among consumers, which renders them less patient (studies 2 and 3). In addition to the regular, “sequential” multifunctional products for which each of the functions has a specific usage situation, the proposed effect also applies to “simultaneous” multifunctional products whose functions operate simultaneously during consumption (Study 4). Taken together, this research broadens the scholarly understanding of the effects of multifunctional products from consumers' responses to these products to the unintended impact of such products on consumer impatience. 相似文献
36.
Wanfen Chen Dajun Zhang Junsheng Liu Yangu Pan Biao Sang 《Australian journal of psychology》2019,71(3):241-248
37.
Xueni Pan Antonia F. de C. Hamilton 《British journal of psychology (London, England : 1953)》2018,109(3):395-417
As virtual reality (VR) technology and systems become more commercially available and accessible, more and more psychologists are starting to integrate VR as part of their methods. This approach offers major advantages in experimental control, reproducibility, and ecological validity, but also has limitations and hidden pitfalls which may distract the novice user. This study aimed to guide the psychologist into the novel world of VR, reviewing available instrumentation and mapping the landscape of possible systems. We use examples of state-of-the-art research to describe challenges which research is now solving, including embodiment, uncanny valley, simulation sickness, presence, ethics, and experimental design. Finally, we propose that the biggest challenge for the field would be to build a fully interactive virtual human who can pass a VR Turing test – and that this could only be achieved if psychologists, VR technologists, and AI researchers work together. 相似文献
38.
When employees consciously withhold potentially important suggestions or concerns from those who may be able to act on that information, it can have serious implications for organizational performance. Yet there is research suggesting that, when faced with the choice of whether or not to raise an issue, employees often choose to remain silent. Our objective in this paper is to expand current theoretical understanding of why employees often remain silent and of situational factors that can lessen this tendency. Drawing on the approach‐inhibition theory of power, we argue that an employee's personal sense that he or she is lacking in power in relation to others at work is a key factor contributing to the decision to remain silent but that this effect is moderated by perceived target openness. We took a multimethod approach, testing these relationships across 3 studies: a laboratory experiment, a survey study of healthcare workers, and a survey study of employees working across a wide range of industries. Our findings suggest that, although silence is indeed rooted in the psychological experience of powerlessness, perceived target openness mitigates this relationship, encouraging employee to speak up when they would not otherwise do so. 相似文献
39.
We show that perceived size of visual stimuli can be altered by matches between the contents of visual short-term memory and stimuli in the scene. Observers were presented with a colour cue (to hold in working memory or to merely identify) and subsequently had to indicate which of the two different-coloured objects presented simultaneously on the screen appeared bigger (or smaller). One of the two objects for size judgements had the same colour as the cue (matching stimulus) and the other did not (mismatching stimulus). Perceived object size was decreased by the reappearance of the recently seen cue, as there were more size judgement errors on trials where the matching stimulus was physically bigger (relative to the mismatching stimulus) than on trials where the matching stimulus was physically smaller. The effect occurred regardless of whether the visual cue was actively maintained in working memory or was merely identified. The effect was unlikely generated by the allocation of attention, because shifting attention to a visual stimulus actually increased its perceived size. The findings suggest that visual short-term memory, whether explicit or implicit, can decrease the perceived size of subsequent visual stimuli. 相似文献
40.
J. Hou;J. Long;J. Xiang;W. Pan;D. Li;X. Liu; 《British journal of psychology (London, England : 1953)》2024,75(5):1182-1192
To analyse the correlation between the intestinal microbiota (IM) and differential development of Quasipaa spinosa across different stages of metamorphosis, we focused on four key developmental periods (15 days post-hatch [dph; Gosner stage, GS23], 60 dph [GS25], 90 dph [GS41] and 150 dph [GS25, GS41, GS42, GS46]) and used 16S rDNA amplicon sequencing. Results showed that IM diversity in Q. spinosa was related to life history. Specifically, there was a significant difference between the aquatic and terrestrial stages, and IM diversity increased with age. Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes were the dominant phyla in tadpoles, whereas Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, Firmicutes and Fusobacteria were the dominant phyla at the metamorphosis stages. The composition of the IM at different stages and ages varied considerably, but the changes were not substantial among different development stages at 150 dph. This was probably because age has a greater influence than growth factors, and host selective pressure increases with age. This study provides a theoretical reference for subsequent studies on the IM, as well as for the prevention of amphibian endogenous pathogenic microbial diseases. 相似文献