充分加工条件下听写困难儿童的整体字形加工特点

听写困难是指儿童能够认读不能听写的现象。前期研究表明,在快速加工条件下,听写困难儿童存在整体字形加工缺陷。本研究使用学习-回忆方法,考察在充分加工条件下,听写困难儿童的整体字形加工特点。实验结果表明,在充分加工条件下,听写困难儿童不仅能够加工并形成双部件合体字的整体字形表征;而且,也能够在同字形组织水平上,形成多部件合体字的整体字形表征。因此,在充分加工条件下,听写困难儿童的整体字形加工能力正常。     

慈善组织、政府与市场

尽管在中国历史上,有慈善的思想,在近代,随着西方传教士的出现,出现了慈善机构.但是有现代特征的慈善机构,包含综合了中西方文化精髓和管理方式的慈善机构,却是近些年的事情.本文试图搞清慈善组织的独特的作用与特征,理顺慈善机构和其他方面发展的相互作用和关系.利用西方的经验与理论,特别是英国的例子,来帮助阐述中国的慈善组织.     

脂多糖免疫激活导致抑郁性行为的动物研究：剂量和时程效应

“抑郁症细胞因子假说”的提出为抑郁障碍的病因学研究提供了一个新的方向,为了探讨脂多糖（lipopolyaccharide,LPS）诱导的免疫激活与抑郁性行为产生之间的关系,本研究采用50只SD大鼠随机分为五组LPS400,LPS200,LPS50,LPS10,LPS0,分别于实验期第0天和第3天注入LPS400ug/kg,,200ug/kg,50ug/kg,10ug/kg和生理盐水。以糖精水偏爱,旷场行为和高架十字迷宫评定大鼠LPS注射后2小时,24小时,48小时的行为变化。结果显示一次LPS注射后2小时,LPS50,LPS200,LPS400组动物与生理盐水组动物相比较,其糖精水偏爱分数（p<0.01）,旷场中的水平活动距离(p<0.01)和直立行为(p<0.01)以及高架十字迷宫中的闭合臂进入次数(p<0.01)和开放臂进入次数显著下降(p<0.01);重复注射后2小时LPS注射组动物的闭合臂进入次数显著降低（p<0.01）;但LPS10组与生理盐水组动物在行为上没有差异,50ug/kg,200ug/kg和400ug/kg剂量的各组之间没有差异。LPS注射后24小时和48小时以及重复注射后大鼠的行为没有发现显著变化。提示LPS诱导的免疫激活对抑郁行为产生有一定的作用。免疫激活的细胞因子能够导致动物出现明显的抑郁性行为,但是这种行为缺乏长时程效应,因此LPS诱导的抑郁障碍的动物模型应用是非常有限的。免疫激活的前炎性细胞因子可能是导致抑郁障碍产生的其中一个原因而不是唯一原因。     

我国现行宪法道德性探析

我国现行宪法因其对公民权利的广泛设定和对国家政治制度最合理的规定,而成为一部具有高度道德合理性的宪法.但是由于我国宪法当前只具有立法上的指导作用,存在非适用性和非程序性,因而致使其道德性缺失.为了实现和完善我国宪法的道德性,就必须克服宪法的非适用性和非程序性,建立和完善我国的违宪审查制度,并允许将宪法适用于司法判断,使宪法进入司法程序.     

企业员工组织支持感与工作满意度、离职意向的关系研究

通过对611名企业员工的调查,探讨组织支持感与工作满意度、离职意向之间的关系。结果表明：组织支持感与工作满意度存在显著的正相关;组织支持感与换岗意向、换职意向存在显著的负相关．但仅对换职意向具有负向预测作用;工作满意度与换岗意向、换职意向存在显著的负相关,并对二者都具有负向预测作用。     

The glow of Telesphoros: a brief enquiry into the sense of the term ‘mana personality’ and the dynamic of experiences behind it

In this article, I begin by outlining the qualities and attributes associated with experiences of mana, focusing particularly on the way the term ‘mana’ was used by C.G. Jung in his published work. I note that Jung associated mana with the accumulation and transfer of psychic energy (libido), with the appearance and appropriation of elemental fire, and by extension, with the metamorphic experience of constellating consciousness. In this context, informed by Jung’s accounts and modes of expression, the term mana personality becomes a provisional designation for a recurrent dynamic of archetypal experiential configurations whose telos appears to be the reorientation of consciousness to its origin.     

Body Talk on Social Networking Sites,Body Surveillance,and Body Shame among Young Adults: The Roles of Self-Compassion and Gender

The present study examined whether body talk on social networking sites (SNSs) was positively associated with body surveillance and body shame and whether body surveillance would mediate the relationship between body talk on SNSs and body shame. We also tested whether the links from body talk on SNSs to body surveillance and body shame would be moderated by self-compassion. Furthermore, the moderating role of gender in the mediation model was examined. The model was tested with 194 female and 119 male Chinese university students who completed questionnaires regarding body talk on SNSs, body surveillance, body shame, and self-compassion. Results indicated that body talk on SNSs was positively related to body surveillance and body shame. The relationship between body talk on SNSs and body shame was mediated by body surveillance. Furthermore, self-compassion moderated the association between body talk on SNSs and body shame. No gender difference was found in the mediation model. Findings from the current study provide new insights into the development of objectified body consciousness among women, as well as among men, and highlight the potential value of promoting self-compassion in the prevention of body image concerns.

     

Young Children Selectively Hide the Truth About Sensitive Topics

Starting in early childhood, children are socialized to be honest. However, they are also expected to avoid telling the truth in sensitive situations if doing so could be seen as inappropriate or impolite. Across two studies (total N = 358), the reasoning of 3- to 5-year-old children in such a scenario was investigated by manipulating whether the information in question would be helpful to the recipient. The studies used a reverse rouge paradigm, in which a confederate with a highly salient red mark on her nose asked children whether she looked okay prior to having her picture taken. In Study 1, children tended to tell the truth only if they were able to observe that the mark was temporary and the confederate did not know it was there. In Study 2, children tended to tell the truth only if they were able to observe that the mark could be concealed with makeup. These findings show that for children as young as age 3, decisions about whether to tell the truth are influenced by the likelihood that the information would be helpful to the recipient.     

灵异照片与鬼神摄影

2006年1月6日《大河报》题为《真奇怪——身份证人像采集系统在舞钢一农民身上“失灵”》的报道引发了众多媒体和世人关注。一个正常人的影像怎么可能在照片中显示不出来?难道真的见鬼了?究竟是特异功能还是灵异照片,或者根本就是一场假把戏?为此,《北京科技报》记者亲自赶往“照相”事发地河南进行调查。然而,调查过程中,“隐身人”被无一例外地拍入到记者的相机里。同时,当记者重新与最早报道此事的《大河报》记者接触后,确定灵异照片现象纯属骗局,“河南隐身人”根本不存在。的确,事实胜于雄辩,所有稀奇古怪,看似非常惊人的事情,如果经过…     

心理学视角下的道德损伤

道德损伤是指个体实施、未能阻止、目睹或听闻违背自身深层的道德信念和期望的行为,对心理、生理、精神、行为和社会的持久影响。道德损伤作为一个跨学科概念,自2009年Litz从心理学角度对其重新做出界定以来,在心理学、伦理学、精神病学、社会学等领域引起了广泛关注。目前研究者已经编制出多个多维度量表来对道德损伤的事件或症状进行测量,运用认知行为疗法、认知加工疗法和针对道德损伤研发的适当暴露疗法等措施来进行干预。未来的研究可以继续深入探究道德损伤的发生发展机制,确立道德损伤的诊断标准,推广道德损伤的适用范围,丰富道德损伤的内涵,从而拓展道德损伤研究的广度和深度。