孕妇家庭亲密关系的差序格局及其对焦虑、抑郁情绪的影响

通过两个研究探索孕妇家庭亲密关系的差序格局及其对焦虑、抑郁情绪的影响。研究一,采用自我参照R/K范式探索孕妇家庭亲密关系的差序格局; 研究二,采用问卷调查法探索孕妇家庭亲密关系对其焦虑、抑郁情绪的影响。结果表明:(1)孕妇家庭亲密关系的差序格局核心为自我参照和配偶参照,母亲参照、父亲参照和子女参照居于第二位,婆婆参照、公公参照居于第三位;(2)孕妇的自我参照水平影响自身焦虑情绪,配偶参照水平影响孕妇的抑郁情绪。     

Assessment of successful smoking cessation by psychological factors using the Bayesian network approach

The association between psychological factors and smoking cessation is complicated and inconsistent in published researches, and the joint effect of psychological factors on smoking cessation is unclear. This study explored how psychological factors jointly affect the success of smoking cessation using a Bayesian network approach. A community-based case control study was designed with 642 adult male successful smoking quitters as the cases, and 700 adult male failed smoking quitters as the controls. General self-efficacy (GSE), trait coping style (positive-trait coping style (PTCS) and negative-trait coping style (NTCS)) and self-rating anxiety (SA) were evaluated by GSE Scale, Trait Coping Style Questionnaire and SA Scale, respectively. Bayesian network was applied to evaluate the relationship between psychological factors and successful smoking cessation. The local conditional probability table of smoking cessation indicated that different joint conditions of psychological factors led to different outcomes for smoking cessation. Among smokers with high PTCS, high NTCS and low SA, only 36.40% successfully quitted smoking. However, among smokers with low pack-years of smoking, high GSE, high PTCS and high SA, 63.64% successfully quitted smoking. Our study indicates psychological factors jointly influence smoking cessation outcome. According to different joint situations, different solutions should be developed to control tobacco in practical intervention.     

风险决策任务的内部表征

通过综合分析风险决策任务内部表征的性质、特点、类型、形成规则及其重要的相关研究,认为风险决策的关键是正确合理的内部表征;决策者关于风险决策任务的内部表征、自我表征、情境表征与对手表征共同构成的决策表征系统及其有关的知识结构是决策空间的核心部分,应当成为风险决策研究的重要课题。     

小学儿童英文音位识别的特点

以107名3年级儿童为对象,采用音位分割的测试方法,探讨小学儿童英文音位识别的特点.结果表明:(1)小学儿童在完成音位分割任务时并非总是以个体音位为基础,其行为结果受到语音学因素-响音度的影响.(2)字母名称结构对小学儿童英文音位分割行为的影响不显著.     

Working memory biasing of visual perception without awareness

Previous research has demonstrated that the contents of visual working memory can bias visual processing in favor of matching stimuli in the scene. However, the extent to which such top-down, memory-driven biasing of visual perception is contingent on conscious awareness remains unknown. Here we showed that conscious awareness of critical visual cues is dispensable for working memory to bias perceptual selection mechanisms. Using the procedure of continuous flash suppression, we demonstrated that “unseen” visual stimuli during interocular suppression can gain preferential access to awareness if they match the contents of visual working memory. Strikingly, the very same effect occurred even when the visual cue to be held in memory was rendered nonconscious by masking. Control experiments ruled out the alternative accounts of repetition priming and different detection criteria. We conclude that working memory biases of visual perception can operate in the absence of conscious awareness.     

2～6岁儿童母亲教育观念结构及其影响因素

对北京市各城区共2598名2—6岁儿童母亲的教育观念进行测查,探讨其结构组成和可能的影响因素。结果发现,母亲教育观念具有一定的整体构成和较稳定因素成分,主要由儿童发展现、对儿童发展的期望和儿童教育观三维度、十八因素构成;各维度间相互作用、相互影响;儿童年龄、性别、母亲受教育水平、职业等对母亲教育观念具有显著的影响。