2～6岁儿童母亲教育观念结构及其影响因素

对北京市各城区共2598名2—6岁儿童母亲的教育观念进行测查,探讨其结构组成和可能的影响因素。结果发现,母亲教育观念具有一定的整体构成和较稳定因素成分,主要由儿童发展现、对儿童发展的期望和儿童教育观三维度、十八因素构成;各维度间相互作用、相互影响;儿童年龄、性别、母亲受教育水平、职业等对母亲教育观念具有显著的影响。     

Working memory biasing of visual perception without awareness

Previous research has demonstrated that the contents of visual working memory can bias visual processing in favor of matching stimuli in the scene. However, the extent to which such top-down, memory-driven biasing of visual perception is contingent on conscious awareness remains unknown. Here we showed that conscious awareness of critical visual cues is dispensable for working memory to bias perceptual selection mechanisms. Using the procedure of continuous flash suppression, we demonstrated that “unseen” visual stimuli during interocular suppression can gain preferential access to awareness if they match the contents of visual working memory. Strikingly, the very same effect occurred even when the visual cue to be held in memory was rendered nonconscious by masking. Control experiments ruled out the alternative accounts of repetition priming and different detection criteria. We conclude that working memory biases of visual perception can operate in the absence of conscious awareness.     

Different Effects of Paternal and Maternal Attachment on Psychological Health Among Chinese Secondary School Students

Many studies have demonstrated the beneficial effects of parental attachment on adolescent development. However, few studies have specifically investigated the different effects of paternal attachment and maternal attachment on adolescent development. The current study examined the different effects of paternal attachment and maternal attachment on adolescent psychological health (e.g., self-esteem, depression, life-satisfaction), and the moderating roles of gender, age, and one-child status. Participants were 1506 secondary school students (50.2 % male, grades 7–12) from six regions of China. Results suggested that paternal attachment had stronger effects on adolescents’ depressive symptoms than did maternal attachment after controlling for all covariates (e.g., family setting, gender, grade, one-child status, father’s and mother’s education levels). Moreover, multi-group analysis indicated that the stronger impact of paternal attachment on depressive symptoms in comparison to maternal attachment was only evident in high school boys and only children. This study demonstrated the important role of father–adolescent attachment in adolescent psychological health. Future research, clinical implications, and limitations of the present study are discussed.     

孕妇家庭亲密关系的差序格局及其对焦虑、抑郁情绪的影响

通过两个研究探索孕妇家庭亲密关系的差序格局及其对焦虑、抑郁情绪的影响。研究一,采用自我参照R/K范式探索孕妇家庭亲密关系的差序格局; 研究二,采用问卷调查法探索孕妇家庭亲密关系对其焦虑、抑郁情绪的影响。结果表明:(1)孕妇家庭亲密关系的差序格局核心为自我参照和配偶参照,母亲参照、父亲参照和子女参照居于第二位,婆婆参照、公公参照居于第三位;(2)孕妇的自我参照水平影响自身焦虑情绪,配偶参照水平影响孕妇的抑郁情绪。     

灵异照片与鬼神摄影

2006年1月6日《大河报》题为《真奇怪——身份证人像采集系统在舞钢一农民身上“失灵”》的报道引发了众多媒体和世人关注。一个正常人的影像怎么可能在照片中显示不出来?难道真的见鬼了?究竟是特异功能还是灵异照片,或者根本就是一场假把戏?为此,《北京科技报》记者亲自赶往“照相”事发地河南进行调查。然而,调查过程中,“隐身人”被无一例外地拍入到记者的相机里。同时,当记者重新与最早报道此事的《大河报》记者接触后,确定灵异照片现象纯属骗局,“河南隐身人”根本不存在。的确,事实胜于雄辩,所有稀奇古怪,看似非常惊人的事情,如果经过…     

心理学视角下的道德损伤

道德损伤是指个体实施、未能阻止、目睹或听闻违背自身深层的道德信念和期望的行为,对心理、生理、精神、行为和社会的持久影响。道德损伤作为一个跨学科概念,自2009年Litz从心理学角度对其重新做出界定以来,在心理学、伦理学、精神病学、社会学等领域引起了广泛关注。目前研究者已经编制出多个多维度量表来对道德损伤的事件或症状进行测量,运用认知行为疗法、认知加工疗法和针对道德损伤研发的适当暴露疗法等措施来进行干预。未来的研究可以继续深入探究道德损伤的发生发展机制,确立道德损伤的诊断标准,推广道德损伤的适用范围,丰富道德损伤的内涵,从而拓展道德损伤研究的广度和深度。     

Logics for Moderate Belief-Disagreement Between Agents

Studia Logica - A moderate belief-disagreement between agents on proposition p means that one agent believes p and the other agent does not. This paper presents two logical systems, $$\mathbf...