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641.
D'Onofrio BM Turkheimer E Emery RE Slutske WS Heath AC Madden PA Martin NG 《Developmental psychology》2006,42(3):486-499
Parental divorce is associated with problematic offspring adjustment, but the relation may be due to shared genetic or environmental factors. One way to test for these confounds is to study offspring of twins discordant for divorce. The current analyses used this design to separate the mechanisms responsible for the association between parental divorce, experienced either before or after the age of 16, and offspring well-being. The results were consistent with a causal role of divorce in earlier initiation of sexual intercourse and emotional difficulties, in addition to a greater probability of educational problems, depressed mood, and suicidal ideation. In contrast, the increased risk for cohabitation and earlier initiation of drug use was explained by selection factors, including genetic confounds. ((c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved). 相似文献
642.
This longitudinal study examined the influence of peer selection and socialization on bulimic symptoms in college students. Ninety-eight participants completed measures of bulimic symptoms, self-esteem, perfectionism, and impulsivity in the spring and fall of 2003. Peer influence was assessed by examining similarity among selected peers, unselected peers, and nonpeers over time. Among selected peers, bulimic symptoms demonstrated patterns of socialization, self-esteem and perfectionism demonstrated patterns of selection, and these personality traits longitudinally predicted changes in bulimic symptoms. Unselected peers demonstrated no similarity for bulimia, self-esteem, or perfectionism, but they did evidence socialization for impulsivity. The findings support an etiological model that integrates social and individual risk factors in creating environments that influence disordered eating among college students. 相似文献
643.
Johnson BM Miltenberger RG Knudson P Egemo-Helm K Kelso P Jostad C Langley L 《Journal of applied behavior analysis》2006,39(1):25-34
Although child abduction is a low-rate event, it presents a serious threat to the safety of children. The victims of child abduction face the threat of physical and emotional injury, sexual abuse, and death. Previous research has shown that behavioral skills training (BST) is effective in teaching children abduction-prevention skills, although not all children learn the skills. This study compared BST only to BST with an added in situ training component to teach abduction-prevention skills in a small-group format to schoolchildren. Results showed that both programs were effective in teaching abduction-prevention skills. In addition, the scores for the group that received in situ training were significantly higher than scores for the group that received BST alone at the 3-month follow-up assessment. 相似文献
644.
To investigate interpersonal theory, the authors examined the social behavior of 112 previously unacquainted male-female pairs collaborating on a joint task. Structural equation modeling analyses provided clear evidence of complementarity: In addition to trait affiliation and dominance both predicting situational behavior, each interaction partner's behavior influenced the other's in accordance with the theory, eliciting similar levels of affiliation and opposite levels of dominance. There were also clear biases related to participants' interpersonal traits: When behavior, as indexed by observers, was held constant, more trait affiliative participants tended to view themselves and their partner as warmer during the interaction; likewise, more trait dominant participants perceived themselves to act more dominantly than they actually did. Throughout, there were no sex differences. 相似文献
645.
The authors explore the extent to which eating disorders, specifically anorexia nervosa (AN) and bulimia nervosa (BN), represent culture-bound syndromes and discuss implications for conceptualizing the role genes play in their etiology. The examination is divided into 3 sections: a quantitative meta-analysis of changes in incidence rates since the formal recognition of AN and BN, a qualitative summary of historical evidence of eating disorders before their formal recognition, and an evaluation of the presence of these disorders in non-Western cultures. Findings suggest that BN is a culture-bound syndrome and AN is not. Thus, heritability estimates for BN may show greater variability cross-culturally than heritability estimates for AN, and the genetic bases of these disorders may be associated with differential pathoplasticity. 相似文献
646.
647.
One of the major difficulties in presenting an international perspective on delusional disorders and their impact on offending or violent behaviour is that no two legal systems are quite the same, and there are substantial differences between some of them; in addition, there is international variation in relevant service provision or use. We therefore invited several experts practising in forensic mental health services or the law to consider the following case and to use relevant literature, statute and case law to draw out similarities and differences in process and management of the following case. Annie Smith is not a real person; the things that happened really occurred. 相似文献
648.
Previous studies have reported that imagination can induce false autobiographical memories. This finding has been used to
suggest that psychotherapists who have clients imagine suspected repressed memories of childhood sexual abuse may, in fact,
be inducing false memories for the imagined events. In this study, at Time 1 and then, 2 weeks later, at Time 2, 145 subjects
rated each of 20 events on the Life Events Inventory as to whether each had occurred to them in childhood. One week after
Time 1, the subjects were told that 2 target events were plausible and 2 were implausible. They were then asked to imagine
1 plausible and 1 implausible target event. Plausibility and imagining interacted to affect occurrence ratings; whereas imagining
plausible events increased the change in occurrence ratings, imagining implausible events had no effect on occurrence ratings. 相似文献
649.
Owens PL Kerker BD Zigler E Horwitz SM 《Mental retardation and developmental disabilities research reviews》2006,12(1):28-40
Over the past 20 years, there has been an increased emphasis on health promotion, including prevention activities related to vision and oral health, for the general population, but not for individuals with intellectual disability (ID). This review explores what is known about the prevalence of vision problems and oral health conditions among individuals with ID, presents a rationale for the increased prevalence of these conditions in the context of service utilization, and examines the limitations of the available research. Available data reveal a wide range of prevalence estimates for vision problems and oral health conditions, but all suggest that these conditions are more prevalent among individuals with ID compared with the general population, and disparities exist in the receipt of preventive and early treatment for these conditions for individuals with ID. Recommendations for health improvement in these areas include better health planning and monitoring through standardized population-based data collection and reporting and increased emphasis on health promotion activities and early treatment in the healthcare system. 相似文献
650.