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231.
Antonia Abbey Lisa Thomson Ross Donna McDuffie Pam McAuslan 《Psychology of women quarterly》1996,20(1):147-169
American societal norms frequently link alcohol, dating, and sexuality. This cross-sectional study examined the role of alcohol and dating risk factors for sexual assault among a representative sample of female students at a large urban university. Over half of the 1,160 women had experienced some form of sexual assault. Ninety-five percent of these assaults were committed by someone the woman knew and almost half of these assaults involved alcohol consumption by either the man, the woman, or both. Discriminant function analyses indicated that dating, sexual, and misperception experiences and alcohol consumption during these experiences predicted assault group status. Furthermore, alcohol consumption during consensual sex and sexual misperceptions were positively related to alcohol consumption during the sexual assault. The predictors of assault group status were similar for African American and Caucasian women. Theoretical implications are discussed and suggestions are made for combining alcohol and sexual assault prevention programming. 相似文献
232.
Research consistently shows part- and full-time workers to be different on a variety of characteristics such as job satisfaction, organizational commitment and intentions to leave the organization. This study challenges the commonly accepted argument that these differences are due to the different structural conditions of work that are faced by part- and full-time workers. The possibility that these differences are the consequence of at-entry differences in dispositions and orientations to work is tested on a sample of part- and full-time registered nurses who had just begun employment. With one exception the part-and full-time employees were found to be the same on fourteen at-entry characteristics. These results strongly suggest that it is the structural conditions of work that produce the often observed differences found between part- and full-time workers.An earlier version of this paper was presented at the 1991 Midwest Sociological Society Meetings, Des Moines, Iowa, April 11–14. Support for the original data collection came from the Division of Nursing of the Health Resources and Services Administration (R01 NU01050-01A1). Joanne McCloskey is to be thanked for allowing us to use this data set. 相似文献
233.
John Benjafield Kris Frommhold Tom Keenan Ron Muckenheim Dierk Mueller 《Behavior research methods》1993,25(1):27-40
Partly in order to facilitate research on the relation between some standard psychological variables, we gathered normative data on 500 proverbs sampled from theOxford Dictionary of English Proverbs (Wilson, 1970). The scales for which we gathered data are imagery, concreteness, goodness , and familiarity. These norms may be of value to researchers who wish to sample linguistic units larger than the word from a set that contains an extensive number of unfamiliar and familiar items. To illustrate the possible uses to which these data may be put, we presented a causal model of the relation between the four variables mentioned above. 相似文献
234.
Current research has found that students who experience emotional and behavioural difficulties (EBDs) in school are not identified early, their behaviours (and causes) are often misrepresented, and they may not receive appropriate intervention. In this paper we review current theories (and their shortcomings) on the identification and recommended actions for students who experience EBDs, acknowledging the importance of teachers' initial identification (as schools are the social arena within which most students who experience EBDs are first identified). We suggest that teachers' identification may not be informed by the full range of theories and explanations for EBDs and that they often disregard the emotional and relational aspect of EBDs which focus on individual students and fail to recognize the social context in which the students operate. These suggestions were supported in a questionnaire-based study. Teachers' identification of EBDs coincides with predominant theoretical explanations based upon an individual's inability to fit into society, seeing EBDs as a product rather than social process. Such a situation may encourage instability in classrooms and may not allow for adequate intervention for EBDs. 相似文献
235.
Discussions about diversity, particularly race, gender, religion and spirituality, and sexual orientation, in marriage and
family therapy courses can generate emotional responses in students and professors that vary from shame to anger. These discussions
are necessary to help students understand diverse families as well as how one’s biases can affect his/her clinical work. Our
qualitative study consisted of phenomenological interviews, which focused on discussions of diversity by six students from
a marriage and family therapy program. Findings revealed that the ability of students to be aware of and discuss their reactions
to these discussions is complex and influenced by their families of origin, their perceptions of other students, their views
of the professor, and their race. Teaching implications are discussed in light of these findings. 相似文献
236.
Keith Hattrup Karsten Mueller Pancho Aguirre 《Journal of Occupational & Organizational Psychology》2008,81(2):219-240
Using data from two large multinational samples, this research sought to contribute to our knowledge of international organizational behaviour by examining the cross‐national generalizability of organizational commitment. Sample 1 included employees of 10 subsidiaries of a large multinational organization, whereas Sample 2 relied on data collected in 25 nations in the context of a large opinion survey. Results in both samples supported the expectation that measures of commitment would be more susceptible to measurement non‐equivalence than measures of job satisfaction. Differences in relationships between commitment and satisfaction across countries were observed in both samples, as were differences in mean commitment levels. Nation‐level individualism/collectivism (I/C) failed to account for the observed differences, however, suggesting that commitment and I/C are largely independent, despite theoretical arguments to the contrary. Results of the study suggest that despite some cross‐national variation, differences in commitment across national boundaries are small and empirically unrelated to I/C. 相似文献
237.
Heinzel A Hautzel H Poeppel TD Boers F Beu M Mueller HW 《Consciousness and cognition》2008,17(3):685-699
One problem of interpreting research on subconscious processing is the possibility that participants are weakly conscious of the stimuli. Here, we compared the fMRI BOLD response in healthy adults to clearly visible single letters (supraliminal presentation) with the response to letters presented in the absence of any behavioural evidence of visibility (subliminal presentation). No letter catch trials served as a control condition. Forced-choice responses did not differ from chance when letter-to-background contrast was low, whereas they were almost 100% correct when contrast was high. A comparison of fMRI BOLD signals for supraliminal and subliminal letters with the control trials revealed a signal increase in left BA 37 (fusiform gyrus). Comparison of supraliminal with subliminal letters showed a significant increase in the right inferior frontal gyrus (BA 44, partly extending to BA 9 and BA 45, as well as BA 46). Finally, a comparison of subliminal with supraliminal letters showed increases in the left middle temporal gyrus (BA 21) and the right extrastriate cortex (BA 19). 相似文献
238.
Ryan T. Tolman Charles W. Mueller Eric L. Daleiden Roxanna E. Stumpf Sarah L. Pestle 《Journal of child and family studies》2008,17(6):894-908
We examined client outcomes from the implementation of Multisystemic Therapy (MST) in a statewide child and adolescent mental
health system. Specifically, we examined (1) the validity of therapist-rated MST outcome measures by comparing them to ratings
of functional impairment and level of service needs by CAMHD care coordinators, who provide case management and care coordination
services, (2) potential client and service predictors of therapist-rated outcomes, and (3) improvement in youth functioning
around the time of entry to and exit from MST compared with rates of improvement reported in randomized controlled trials
(RCTs) by the developers of MST. Results suggested that therapist-rated MST outcomes were valid indicators of treatment success.
Similar to other findings in the MST literature, few client or service characteristics predicted these outcomes. Finally,
although MST entry–exit effect sizes were lower than the mean derived from RCTs published by the developers, they were within
the 95% confidence interval. Together, these findings support the implementation of MST in complex systems of care with continued
attention to quality assurance and ongoing use of data for evaluation. 相似文献
239.
J. D. Balakrishnan and J. A. MacDonald (2008) argue that RTbased measures of signal detection processes provide evidence against signal detection theory’s notion of a flexible decision criterion. They argue that this evidence is immune to the alternative explanation proposed by S. T. Mueller and C. T. Weidemann (2008), that decision noise may mask criterion shifts. We show that noise in response times can produce the same effects as are produced by noise in confidence ratings. Given these results, the evidence is not sufficient to categorically reject the notion of a flexible response policy implemented through shifts in a decision criterion. nt]mis|This research was supported in part by a postdoctoral fellowship to C.T.W. from the German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD). 相似文献
240.
Kevin L. Zabel Andrew N. Christopher Pam Marek Mareike B. Wieth Jacqueline J. Carlson 《Personality and individual differences》2009,47(8):917-921
The current study examined the potential mediating role of sensation seeking in the well-established negative relationship between age and financial risk-taking. A total of 299 participants, aged 17–90 years, allocated hypothetical money into mutual funds that varied in risk and completed a sensation seeking measure. Hierarchical multiple regressions revealed that the amount of variability age accounted for in risk-taking (4.1%; β = −.22) was significantly reduced when sensation seeking was controlled for (0.8%; β = −.12). A Sobel test revealed that sensation seeking fully mediated the aforementioned relationship. Results suggest sensation seeking’s role as a mediator in more physiologically arousing risk-taking contexts (e.g., surfing). Discussion recommends investigating potential biologically and cognitively-rooted mediators and moderators of the age and risk-taking relationship. 相似文献