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91.
Karen McKenzie Aja L. Murray Kara R. Murray George C. Murray 《Child neuropsychology》2013,19(3):372-377
Little research has been conducted into the accuracy of abbreviated assessments in identifying children and young people with an intellectual disability (ID). The present study compared two such methods in a clinical population of individuals with (n = 106) and without (n = 170) ID: a 7-subtest short form of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scales for Children—fourth edition (WISC-IV) proposed by Crawford and colleagues and the Child and Adolescent Intellectual Disability Screening Questionnaire (CAIDS-Q). Both the CAIDS-Q and the WISC-IV short form had high and comparable levels of predicting group classification (88% and 91% correct classification, respectively). Both methods would appear to offer clinicians and researchers an efficient and accurate means of identifying those who are likely to have ID. The WISC-IV short form was slightly more accurate, but the CAIDS-Q may offer the advantages of being shorter to administer and having no requirement for the user to have a particular qualification or training. 相似文献
92.
Abstract Electron energy-loss spectroscopy measurements have been made on amorphous diamond-like carbon films produced by condensing the plasma stream from a filtered vacuum arc. The results are compared with spectra from diamond, graphitized carbon and amorphous carbon. Although the energy-loss spectra reveal the presence of a small quantity of sp2-bonded material in the diamond-like film, the high plasmon frequency and shape of the K-edge show that the material is essentially an amorphous form of diamond. The fraction of sp2- bonded carbon was quantified and found to be of the order of 15%. It was not possible to determine if the sp2 carbon was on the surface or throughout the bulk. 相似文献
93.
Kevin McKenzie 《Human Studies》2011,34(1):67-92
That the issue of racism is a pressing social concern which requires serious and detailed attention is, for ethnomethodology,
not a first principle from which its own inquiry is launched but rather a matter to be considered in light of how mundane
actors (both professional and lay) treat that very topic. This paper explores how the assumption of an ontological distinction
between social structure and individual agency is integral to the intelligibility of racism as formulated in scholarly accounts.
In particular, I explore how recent scholarly treatments of racism pose as problematic the diverse formulations of racial
identity assembled through the deployment of various measures, and then seek to adjudicate upon the resulting inconsistency
with an analytic heuristic that assumes an underlying or foundational source for the various expressions it seeks to resolve.
Further, I explore examples of analytic work that makes use of first-person accounts of racially significant episodes and
experiences as a means to document the formulation of the events and actions those accounts describe in terms that warrant
a reading informed by the assumption of the structure-agency distinction. I relate the corroborative work that takes place
in the research relationships between students and teachers with ethnomethodology’s own project to explore how the efficaciousness
of analytic readings of racism entail the pervasive assumption of the structure-agency distinction in order to be rendered
them with the sense they have for the various participants involved. 相似文献
94.
The ability of infants to locate an invisible target after reorientation in their direction of facing was examined in a series of experiments. In a featureless environment, localization of the target site improved between 4 and 8 months. At 8 months it was shown to be dependent on the training procedure. Infants received either instrumental training in which they were trained to anticipate the occurrence of an event at the site, or association training in which one event immediately followed another regardless of their responses. After instrumental training, localization was dependent on visual cues whereas after association training it occurred whether or not visual cues were provided. Contrary to earlier findings, it was concluded that an updating strategy based on proprioceptive information is operative from the second half of the first year. 相似文献
95.
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Thomas L. McKenzie James F. Sallis Philip R. Nader Thomas L. Patterson John P. Elder Charles C. Berry Joan W. Rupp Catherine J. Atkins Michael J. Buono Julie A. Nelson 《Journal of applied behavior analysis》1991,24(1):141-151
An integrated system for coding direct observations of children's dietary and physical activity behaviors was developed. Associated environmental events were also coded, including physical location, antecedents, and consequences. To assess the instrument's reliability and validity, 42 children, aged 4 to 8 years, were observed for 8 consecutive weeks at home and at school. Results indicated that four 60-min observations at home produced relatively stable estimates for most of the 10 dimensions. Interobserver reliabilities during live and videotaped observations were high, with the exception of “consequences” categories that occurred in less than 1% of observed intervals. Evidence of validity was provided by findings that antecedents were associated with respective dietary and physical activity behaviors. The five physical activity categories were validated by heart-rate monitoring in a second study. The Behaviors of Eating and Activity for Children's Health Evaluation System is appropriate for studying influences on diet and physical activity in children in a variety of settings. 相似文献
98.
The study explored the experience of triadic family relationships of six young women with a diagnosis of Anorexia Nervosa alongside a consideration of their attachment strategies. The research methods employed semi-structured individual interviews, a family sculpt and use of an adapted version of the Adolescent Separation Anxiety Test (SAT). This adaptation featured a unique development for this study of photographs depicting triadic family separation and conflict situations. These attempted to offer an integrated view of their experience of anorexia and of family relationships alongside a consideration of the attachment strategies evoked. Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis was used to generate themes that captured the young women’s experience, and a modified version of the SAT protocol coding was used to explore attachment strategies. The main themes to emerge from the data were found to be: Relational distance to attachment figures, Barriers to emotional connection, and Perception of parents’ relationship. Attachment strategies were shown to influence perceptions of family relationships and of triadic processes and conflicts. Clinical implications of the findings are discussed alongside limitations of the study and indications for future research. 相似文献
99.
People frequently underestimate how long it will take them to complete a task. The prevailing view is that during the prediction process, people incorrectly use their memories of how long similar tasks have taken in the past because they take an overly optimistic outlook. A variety of evidence is reviewed in this article that points to a different, although not mutually exclusive, explanation: People base predictions of future duration on their memories of how long past events have taken, but these memories are systematic underestimates of past duration. People appear to underestimate future event duration because they underestimate past event duration. 相似文献
100.