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141.
HAROLD P. BENSON DONGYEUP LEE J. PETER McCLURE 《Journal of Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis》1997,6(5):283-295
Citrus is one of Florida's key agricultural crops, with annual production accounting for over 70% of all U.S. production. During the 1970s and 1980s, citrus blight, tristeza and freezes caused citrus rootstock selection to become a critical issue in Florida, and it remains so today. This paper describes a multiple-objective linear programming model that we have developed for solving the citrus roostock selection problem in Florida. The model has four objective functions. These functions, together with the constraints of the model, capture the main factors that Florida citrus growers use in choosing portfolios of rootstocks for planting in their groves. We tested the usefulness of this model by solving an experimental application for the Fort Pierce area with the interactive STEM algorithm. From our research we conclude that, when properly solved with the aid of STEM, the multiple-objective linear programming model has the potential to serve Florida citrus growers as a useful decision aid in formulating rootstock selection plans. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
142.
PETER C. CAIRO 《Personnel Psychology》1983,36(1):1-18
This paper reviews the literature on counseling in business and industry. It summarizes what is known about (a) the extent to which personal and career counseling services exist within industry and (b) the effectiveness of various counseling programs in dealing with specific employee problems or concerns. The review is divided into three major sections. The first describes various programs and research involving counseling for personal problems. This is followed by a summary of efforts by industry to provide various forms of career counseling and guidance. Finally, the last section offers several conclusions about the current state of counseling in industry and discusses some implications for future research and evaluation such as the need for more clarity in what is typically referred to as counseling, increased specification of objectives and outcome criteria, comparison of different types of counseling approaches, a broader examination of the extensiveness of counseling in industry, and a higher standard for practitioner-oriented magazines which publish articles about counseling in industry. 相似文献
143.
HESTER HULPIA GEERT DEVOS YVES ROSSEEL PETER VLERICK 《Journal of applied social psychology》2012,42(7):1745-1784
In this study, we first operationalized distributed leadership. Multilevel confirmatory factor analyses showed that distributed leadership can be defined from different dimensions: quality and distribution of support and supervision performed by the leadership team; cooperation within this team; and participative decision making. Second, the relation between dimensions of distributed leadership and teachers' organizational commitment was investigated. Multilevel analyses on data from 1,522 teachers in 46 secondary schools indicated that 9% of the variance in teachers' organizational commitment was attributable to differences between schools. Further, the analyses revealed that it is not the distribution of leadership functions among formal leaders that plays a key role in teachers' organizational commitment. The perceived cooperation within the leadership team and the quality of their support are crucial. 相似文献
144.
KEVIN FISCELLA M.D. M.P.H. PETER FRANKS M.D. CLEVELAND G. SHIELDS Ph.D. 《Family process》1997,36(1):25-41
We explored the relationship of perceived family criticism to subsequent healthcare utilization in patients attending a family medicine center. We examined: a) the relationship of perceived criticism to subsequent utilization for biomedical and psychosocial/somatic problems; b) the mediating effects of self-rated mental health and physical function; and c) the mediating effects of social support. The analyses were adjusted for age, sex, race, education, health insurance, and marital status. Higher perceived criticism predicted more psychosocial/somatic and biomedical visits. The relationship of perceived criticism with psychosocial/somatic visits was entirely mediated through self-rated mental health. The relationship of perceived criticism with biomedical visits was partly mediated through self-rated physical function and, in part, independent. Social support played no role in explaining these relationships. Further research is needed to determine whether lowering perceived family criticism lowers primary care utilization. 相似文献
145.
We generate and test a moderated mediation model of the effects of pay secrecy—a pay communication policy restricting employees’ access to information regarding the level of other employees’ pay in the organization—on individual task performance. According to this model, the effects of such a policy are posited to be mediated by informational fairness, procedural fairness, and performance-pay instrumentality perceptions, and moderated by tolerance for inequity. Using a lab-based simulation, our findings partially support this model, suggesting that perceived instrumentality mediates the adverse effect of pay secrecy on individual task performance but only for those low in inequity tolerance. For them, the instrumentality-mediated indirect effect accounted for over 20% of the total effect of pay secrecy on individual task performance. For those highly tolerant of inequity, a policy of pay secrecy was found to be directly associated with a higher level of individual performance than pay openness. The implications of the findings for research and practice are discussed. 相似文献
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149.
Busdrivers are assumed to be exposed to air pollutants in the exhaust gases from other vehicles via the defroster system of the buses. A cross sectional study using questionnaires and psychological tests was conducted on 171 urban busdrivers from the three largest cities in Denmark (Copenhagen, Aarhus, and Odense). A group of 47 commuter train drivers, assumed to be exposed to air pollutants no more than the average citizen, was studied as referents. The air of the busdrivers' breathing zone was analysed for its content of toxic agents. The hygienic effect in the winter season was found to be 0.63 and in the summer season 0.36. The year mean hygienic effect was found to be 0.42. Neurastenic complaints such as difficulties of concentration, verbal retrieval, and tiredness were significantly more frequent among the busdrivers, particularly in the Copenhagen group. On psychological tests of verbal and spatial learning, retrieval and memory, psychomotor functions, visual perception, and vigilance, the Copenhagen busdrivers compared to the reference group only showed significant dysfunctions of verbal learning and long-term memory. The bus-drivers from the two smaller cities did not differ significantly from the reference group. It is suggested that the subjective complaints are due to psychosocial stressors in the busdrivers' condition of work, whereas the few differences in psychological test results may indicate a subclinical effect caused by the presence of neurotoxic agents in the busdrivers' working environment. 相似文献
150.