Thinking for Tomorrow: reflections on Avner de-Shalit

ABSTRACT According to Avner de-Shalit, our relationship with future generations is one of obligation based on welfare rights, not on basic human rights. This is because welfare rights derive from a shared community, and because we and future generations are members of the one 'transgenerational'community. I argue that although it is correct to ground our relations to possible future people in the concept of community, it is wrong to think that rights-talk of any kind is an adequate articulation of that sense of community. To present the issue of our relationship with future generations in terms of a choice between human rights and welfare rights misrepresents the nature of reasoning on these sorts of concerns. In a properly developed communitarian position there is a model of philosophical reasoning that can better articulate and interpret our intuitions about community in general and about our relations to potential future people in particular. Furthermore, such articulations can give those intuitions persuasive force.     

Macrosystemic Approaches To Drug Treatment

Observations of methadone clinics show that the treatment system itself, following natal family dynamics, fosters addictive behavior. Changes within clinics and the macrosystem are recommended.