序列反应时任务中内隐和外显学习表征方式的实验研究

采用改进的序列反应时任务,探讨内隐和外显学习的知识表征方式,发现内隐组和外显组被试都习得了一定的序列规则.内隐组对标准字母的反应显著快于知觉偏差,而后者则又显著快于对动觉偏差字母的反应;外显组对标准字母的反应显著快于知觉偏差和动觉偏差,而后两者之间则没有区别.以上结果表明外显和内隐学习中知觉表征和动觉表征都起作用,不过在内隐学习中动觉表征起的作用更大.     

浅谈如何提高医疗活动中药师的服务质量与技术水平

药师工作是集业务、技术及服务于一体的综合性工作,是患者在整个医疗诊治过程中的一个非常重要的环节,其服务质量的好坏对患者的治疗效果以及药剂科的形象有着重要的影响.减少医患纠纷、改善患者的就医环境以及治疗质量,要求药师在医疗活动中不断提高自身的服务质量与技术水平.     

前瞻记忆的年龄效应

不同年龄被试前瞻记忆的特点是前瞻记忆领域研究的热点之一。研究者们运用不同的研究范式和不同的实验条件对这一问题进行了深入探讨,并提出了解释年龄效应的理论观点。这一领域的研究应朝向更具生态效度、实验条件更加标准化的方向进行。     

伍连德与早期中俄陆路口岸出入境动物检疫

从档案资料中发现,伍连德在东三省防疫总处工作期间,对我国出入境动物检疫的发展起到了积极的促进作用.在他的大力推动下,黑河道立兽疫检验所和满洲里、海拉尔獭皮消毒检验所得以建立,使得黑龙江省成立了第一个由中国政府掌管的出入境动物检验机构,并且将旱獭的捕猎和贸易引入了科学规范的监管道路.通过对一手资料的挖掘和梳理,论述了伍连德先生在中国出入境动物检疫机构和制度的建立以及人才引进方面所做出的努力,进一步拓展和丰富了对伍连德先生的研究成果.     

Does adolescent risk taking imply weak executive function? A prospective study of relations between working memory performance,impulsivity, and risk taking in early adolescence

Studies of brain development suggest that the increase in risk taking observed during adolescence may be due to insufficient prefrontal executive function compared to a more rapidly developing subcortical motivation system. We examined executive function as assessed by working memory ability in a community sample of youth (n = 387, ages 10 to 12 at baseline) in three annual assessments to determine its relation to two forms of impulsivity (sensation seeking and acting without thinking) and a wide range of risk and externalizing behavior. Using structural equation modeling, we tested a model in which differential activation of the dorsal and ventral striatum produces imbalance in the function of these brain regions. For youth high in sensation seeking, both regions were predicted to develop with age. However, for youth high in the tendency to act without thinking, the ventral striatum was expected to dominate. The model predicted that working memory ability would exhibit (1) early weakness in youth high in acting without thinking but (2) growing strength in those high in sensation seeking. In addition, it predicted that (3) acting without thinking would be more strongly related to risk and externalizing behavior than sensation seeking. Finally, it predicted that (4) controlling for acting without thinking, sensation seeking would predict later increases in risky and externalizing behavior. All four of these predictions were confirmed. The results indicate that the rise in sensation seeking that occurs during adolescence is not accompanied by a deficit in executive function and therefore requires different intervention strategies from those for youth whose impulsivity is characterized by early signs of acting without thinking.     

Is playing exergames really exercising? A meta-analysis of energy expenditure in active video games

This article reports a meta-analysis of energy expenditure (EE) of playing active video games (AVGs). In particular, heart rate (HR), oxygen consumption (VO2), and EE were assessed and three moderators for the effects of AVGs--types of AVG, player age, and player weight status--were analyzed. The results show that playing AVGs significantly increased HR, VO2, and EE from resting. The effect sizes of playing AVGs on HR, VO2, and EE were similar to traditional physical activities. AVG type and player age were significant moderators for the effects of AVGs. The finding suggests that AVGs are effective technologies that may facilitate light- to moderate-intensity physical activity promotion.     

单病种收费的理论与哲学分析

从价值论、会计成本论,角度来看,单病种收费都不符合基本理论。在很大意义上,这种制度是迎合了一种社会公众心态而设置的一种理想主义的收费改革方式。收费制度不是一种单纯的行政行为,而是一种基于医疗会计成本的制度体系,为克服某种收费制度的弊端,提出一种脱离会计成本和一般哲学意义的主观收费制度是唯心主义和形而上学的思辨方式。