Feasibility,acceptability and future adaptation of the Chinese translated Behavioural activation (C-BA) treatment for depression: A pilot study

Background: Although depression is prevalent among Chinese international students (CIS), only 4% of CIS seek treatment. Behavioural activation (BA) has been suggested as a culturally sensitive treatment for depression that has the potential to meet the clinical needs of CIS. The current pilot study tested the feasibility, acceptability and themes for future cultural adaptations of a Chinese translated BA treatment (C-BA) among CIS. Methods: Six CIS with elevated depressive symptoms (Beck Depression Inventory, BDI ≥ 14) completed a six-session individual C-BA treatment and assessments at pre- and post-treatment and a 1-month follow-up. Primary outcome measures included treatment feasibility, acceptability and qualitative interview data informing future adaption of C-BA. Exploratory analyses examined group changes in depressive symptoms over time and clinically significant symptom changes on individual levels. Results: All participants found the treatment to be highly feasible and culturally acceptable, and were highly engaged in the treatment. Themes of future cultural adaptions were generated from the qualitative interviews. Significant decreases in depressive symptoms were observed at a one1-month post-treatment follow-up assessment. Conclusions: Preliminary evidence suggests that C-BA has the potential to be a culturally sensitive treatment for depression among CIS. CIS demonstrated openness to psychotherapy and high treatment engagement.     

浅谈不同丰乳疗法之利弊

近十多年,随着丰乳方法的增多和女性对丰乳追求的狂热化,丰乳的安全问题日趋严峻.当今流行的各种丰乳疗法,充斥着医疗市场,每一种丰乳疗法均有其有利和有害的一面,在选择手术时,应扬长避短,充分了解手术的适应证和优缺点,才能做到实际的正确决策,为患者提供最优的治疗方式,为医生选择最佳的治疗方法.为了探索安全有效的丰乳疗法,本文对当今不同丰乳疗法的特点做一浅析,以给研究者及求美者一些启示.     

Whose promises are worth more? How social status affects trust in promises

Promises are among the most widely used tools for increasing trust in social hierarchies; yet the effect of social status on trust in promises is unknown. Here we used a modified version of the Trust Game, in which participants, acting as Investors, were paired with Trustees of varying social status who were given the opportunity to promise (or not) to return at least half of the multiplied amount (i.e., 4 × the amount invested). No return feedback was provided. Participants invested more in partners who promised than those who did not or whose promise information was concealed. Importantly, in both lab-manipulated (Exps. 1–3: math-induced) and pre-existing (Exp. 4: university-based) hierarchies, participants invested more in promises given by high status than low status partners. Post-experiment measures suggest that this may be due to greater expectations of honesty for high status than low status others. Potential explanations and implications are discussed.     

The effects of violent video games and shyness on individuals’ aggressive behaviors

The general aggression model (GAM) has suggested that the interaction between person factors (e.g., personality variables) and situation factors (e.g., playing violent video games [VVGs]) can increase individuals’ aggressive behaviors through their cognition (e.g., hostile attributions), affect (e.g., negative affect), and/or arousal. The present study employed a modified competitive reaction time task to test the effects of shyness, violent (vs. nonviolent) gameplay, and shyness on individuals’ positive–negative affect, hostile attributions, and aggressive behaviors. In addition, the present study also employed structural equation modeling (SEM) to test the mediation (by cognition and affect) and moderation (by shyness). Results showed that playing a VVG increased aggressive behaviors, negative affect, and hostile attributions primarily among shy participants. In addition, the results of SEM also revealed that this moderating role was mediated by negative affect and hostile attributions. The present study supported GAM and showed that individuals’ aggressive behaviors are differentially susceptible to VVGs, depending on their level of shyness in a “for bad and for worse” manner.     

Suicidality Among Gay and Bisexual Men in Taiwan: Its Relationships with Sexuality and Gender Role Characteristics,Homophobic Bullying Victimization,and Social Support

This study aimed to examine the associations of suicidality in emerging adulthood with time of coming out, gender role nonconformity, sexual orientation, traditional and cyber homophobic bullying victimization, and family and peer support during childhood in gay and bisexual men in Taiwan. The frequency of “experiencing suicide ideation” and “attempting suicide” in the past year among 500 gay or bisexual men was examined. The participants’ time of coming out, level of subjective masculinity, sexual orientation, experiences of traditional and cyber homophobic bullying victimization, and levels of family and peer support during childhood were also evaluated. In total, 31% (n = 155) of participants reported experiencing suicide ideation (n = 82) or attempting suicide (n = 73). Early coming out, traditional homophobic bullying victimization, and low family support during childhood increased the risk of suicidality in emerging adulthood; by contrast, family support did not moderate the association of early coming out or traditional bullying victimization with current suicidality. A high proportion of participants reported experiencing suicide ideation and attempt in emerging adulthood. Hence, effective suicide prevention is required for gay and bisexual men. Suicide prevention programs should consider time of coming out, traditional homophobic bullying victimization, and level of family support.     

智慧时代的螺丝钉：机器人凸显对职场物化的影响

在“工具人” “打工人” “社畜”等流行语风靡职场的当下, 职场物化已然成为了一个亟需探讨的话题。而随着人工智能尤其是机器人在职场中的使用日益增多, 机器人产生的职场效应也值得关注。因此, 本项目旨在探讨在人工智能飞速发展的当今社会, 机器人渗入职场是否会产生或加重职场物化现象。基于群际威胁理论和补偿控制理论, 我们假设职场中的机器人员工凸显会增加职场物化。项目采用实验、大数据与问卷调查相结合的方式, 首先考察机器人员工的凸显是否会增加职场物化, 初步验证影响效应; 然后探讨机器人影响职场物化的中介机制, 试图发现感知威胁和控制补偿的链式中介效应; 最后从个人、机器人和环境三方面分别考察其对机器人影响职场物化的调节作用, 并从组织文化的角度探讨对职场物化的干预策略。对本项目的探索有助于结合人工智能尤其是机器人发展背景, 前瞻性地了解人工智能在职场中可能的负面影响, 并提出有效的解决方案。     

论清代婚姻道德生活

清代婚姻道德生活是通过婚姻选择、婚姻缔结和婚姻解除来呈现的。清代婚姻选择受着政治禁忌、尊卑禁忌、乱伦禁忌等的限制。这些限制反映了清代人在婚姻选择方面有着不同的价值动因。就大体趋势而言,道德在清代婚姻缔结中的地位和作用日趋式微,而财物的作用却越来越突出。这种婚姻重财之风,使正常的婚姻缔结方式发生了异化,导致了收继婚、买卖婚、劳役婚、兄弟合娶、童养媳婚、抢婚等不正常婚姻的出现。夫妻离婚的权力由夫妻双方、双方父母、家族乃至清朝政府共同掌握,它意味着离婚是一个符合清代正义观的社会事件,离婚过程中的财产处理是一个道德问题,是一个谁应该承担责任的问题。     

从管理学名著《第五项修炼》看《易传》哲学

本文主要通过介绍《第五项修炼》的思想精髓,联系《易传》思想体系,在"真实的宇宙"、"德性原则""生命的意义"三个面向上展开比较和讨论,以深化对《易传》思想的理解。     

Training Young Children to Acknowledge Mixed Emotions

Abstract

The failure of children to acknowledge mixed, contradictory emotions is equally of developmental and clinical interest. Developmentally, children do not ordinarily acknowledge the existence of mixed emotions until late in middle childhood. Clinically, the failure to recognise mixed feelings toward others or self is a common presenting problem. The question addressed here is, how readily can such limitations be corrected in children of different ages. Two studies are reported showing that children as young as 6 and 7 years, who initially revealed little understanding of mixed feelings, showed more insight after a short training session. In Experiment 1. two groups of children were equated for their inability to diagnose the mixed feelings of a story character. Subsequently, both groups were presented with a second story containing a similar conflictual event, but only one group was prompted to consider the character's emotional reaction to each component of the conflict. Children in the prompted group were more accurate in diagnosing the character's emotional reaction at the end of the story than the control group, and they maintained their superiority on a post-test story where no prompts were given. Experiment 2 included a similar training procedure. but with a more stringent measure of post-test generalisation: Children were asked to describe or invent their own examples of emotionally charged conflictual situations. Four- and five-year-olds showed little benefit from the training session, but six- and seven-year-olds again showed considerable benefit. Taken together, the two experiments suggest that young school age children often fail to acknowledge mixed feelings because they engage in a cursory appraisal of the elements of an emotionally charged situation; highlighting the elements is sufficient to improve performance. Preschool children, however, appear to suffer from more basic limitations in their ability to integrate the relevant information.