EMERGENCE OF TACTS FOLLOWING MAND TRAINING IN YOUNG CHILDREN WITH AUTISM

This study sought to examine the effects of training mands on the emergence of tacts with the same response forms. Results indicated that training adjective sets as mands resulted in the emergence of adjective sets as tacts under modified, but not standard, antecedent conditions. The findings suggested that the apparent functional independence of mands and tacts may be explained by a lack of appropriate antecedent control over responding.     

Reviewing policies on satellite broadcasts in east asia: New technology,political economy,and civil society

As an instrument of national integration, domestic television in many post-colonial countries has long neglected cultural minorities. Transnational television via newer satellite and cable technologies has been able to target cross-border ethnic groups which then constituted viable audience markets. Governments in Asia sought initially to control access to transnational broadcasts out of paternalistic nationalism, but audiences and entrepreneurs have circumvented such policies. Thus over the last decade the political economy of television in countries such as Malaysia, Philippines and Thailand have been transformed, though in differing ways. Belated media deregulation has often led to alliances between business and political elites. This paper argues that most policy developments in Asian television have been driven by business and government imperatives rather than by civil society involvement. Australia where he teaches marketing and international business. His eclectic research interests include the political economy of international communications, globalization/transnationalization strategies, cross-cultural dimensions in marketing and management, and ethical issues in post-industrial society. Prior to a 15-year academic career across four universities in the Asia-Pacific region, Amos worked for twelve years in multinational corporations, NGOs, and government.     

The Southeast Asian Regional Conference on Scientific and Applied Psychology: Mumbai

Mumbai was the venue for the Southeast Asian Regional Conference on Scientific and Applied Psychology, which was held from 17–20 December 2001. This major event was organized by the Bombay Psychological Association (BPA), the Department of Psychology of SNDT Women's University in Mumbai, and the University of Mumbai's Department of Applied Psychology. It was sponsored by the International Association of Applied Psychology (IAAP), the International Union of Psychological Science (IUPsyS), and the International Association for Cross Cultural Psychology (IACCP). With a view not only of strengthening the interface of the science and practice of psychology but also of stimulating the development of professional psychology, the Conference was an outstanding success as evidenced by the depth and quality of its scientific program and its wide attendance.     

Children's Beliefs About Violating Gender Norms: Boys Shouldn't Look Like Girls,and Girls Shouldn't Act Like Boys

This research examined 3- to 11-year-old children's knowledge of and beliefs about violating several gender norms (e.g., toys, play styles, occupations, parental roles, hairstyles, and clothing) as compared to social and moral norms. Knowledge of the norms and understanding that norm violations were possible increased with age. The children's evaluations of violations of gender norms varied from item to item. Violations concerning becoming a parent of the other gender were devalued in both boys and girls, whereas most toy and occupation violations were not especially devalued in either. Boys with feminine hairstyles or clothing were evaluated more negatively than girls with masculine hairstyles or clothing. On the other hand, girls who played in masculine play styles were devalued relative to boys who played in feminine styles. Evaluations of norm violations were not consistently related to age.     

Social problem-solving skills in children with traumatic brain injury: long-term outcomes and prediction of social competence.

The effects of childhood traumatic brain injury (TBI) on social problem-solving were examined in 35 children with severe TBI, 40 children with moderate TBI, and 46 children with orthopedic injuries (OI). The children were recruited prospectively following injuries that occurred between 6 and 12 years of age. They were followed longitudinally, and ranged from 9 to 18 years of age at the time of the current study, which occurred on average 4 years post injury. They were administered a semi-structured interview used in previous research on social problem-solving to assess the developmental level of their responses to hypothetical dilemmas involving social conflict. Children in the severe TBI group defined the social dilemmas and generated alternative strategies to solve those dilemmas at the same developmental level as did children in the OI group. However, they articulated lower-level strategies as the best way to solve the dilemmas and used lower-level reasoning to evaluate the effectiveness of the strategies. After controlling for group membership, race, socioeconomic status, IQ, and age, children's social problem-solving, and particularly the developmental level of their preferred strategies for resolving conflicts, predicted parents ratings of children's social skills, peer relationships, aggressive behavior, and academic performance. The findings indicate that children with severe TBI demonstrate selective, long-term deficits in their social problem-solving skills that may help to account for their poor social and academic outcomes.     

Long-term executive function deficits in children with traumatic brain injuries: assessment using the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF).

Long-term deficits in executive functions following childhood traumatic brain injuries (TBI) were examined using the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF). Parents completed the BRIEF approximately 5 years postinjury as part of a prospective study of children injured between the ages of 6 and 12. The children were between 10 and 19 years of age at the time of the assessment, and included 33 with severe TBI, 31 with moderate TBI, and 34 with orthopedic injuries. Parents also rated children's adaptive functioning and completed several other measures of parent and family functioning. Children were administered a neuropsychological test battery that included several measures of executive functions. The groups displayed a significant linear trend in BRIEF scores, with the largest deficits in executive functions reported in children with severe TBI. BRIEF scores were related consistently across groups to a test of working memory, but not to other neuropsychological measures. BRIEF scores also predicted children's adaptive functioning and behavioral adjustment, as well as parent psychological distress, perceived family burden, and general family functioning. The findings indicate that TBI results in long-term deficits in executive functions that are related to children's psychosocial outcomes, as well as to parent and family functioning.     

Decreasing rumination using a starchy food satiation procedure

A starchy food satiation procedure was evaluated in an ABAB withdrawal design on the post‐meal rumination of a nine‐year‐old girl with autism. During treatment unlimited quantities of starchy foods were provided following each meal. High rates of rumination occurred during baseline conditions, followed by an immediate decrease in rumination during treatment. Rumination decreased to 82 and 97% of baseline during the first and second treatment conditions, respectively. In addition, follow‐up probes were conducted at irregular intervals for 4 years following treatment, during which zero or near‐zero rates of rumination were sustained. This study extends the literature on the functional relation between increased starchy food quantity and rumination in adults to rumination with a young child, and demonstrates maintenance of the treatment effect for 4 years. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Harmful help: the costs of backing-up behavior in teams

Prior research on backing-up behavior has indicated that it is beneficial to teams (C. O. L. H. Porter, 2005; C. O. L. H. Porter et al., 2003). This literature has focused on how backing-up behavior aids backup recipients in tasks in which workload is unevenly distributed among team members. The authors of the present study examined different contexts of workload distribution and found that, in addition to the initial benefits to backup recipients, there are initial and subsequent costs. Backing-up behavior leads backup providers to neglect their own taskwork, especially when workload is evenly distributed. Team members who receive high amounts of backing-up behavior decrease their taskwork in a subsequent task, especially when a team member can observe their workload. These findings indicate that it is important to consider both the benefits and costs of engaging in backing-up behavior.     

Prevalence of suicidal ideation among boys and men assessed annually from ages 9 to 29 years

In a sample of 206 boys (90% Caucasian), self-reported suicidal ideation (SI; ages 12 to 29) and parent-reported youth suicidal talk (ages 9 to 20) were assessed annually by questionnaire. One-week point prevalence of self-reported SI ranged from 2.6% to 16.3%. New cases emerged across adolescence; by age 29, 57.3% self-reported SI at least once. SI was associated with clinically significant elevations on concurrent depressive symptoms. Nearly one quarter (24.8%) of parents reported suicidal talk by their son by age 20. Parent- and self-reports showed low correspondence. SI was more common than retrospective studies suggest. Parent-reports and one-time self-reports are likely to miss large numbers of adolescent boys who may be at risk.