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931.
Tanya Maines Brown M Douglas Ris Dean Beebe Robert T Ammerman Sonya G Oppenheimer Keith Owen Yeates Benedicta G Enrile 《Child neuropsychology》2008,14(2):118-134
This study examined differences between healthy children (n = 35) and those with spina bifida myelomeningocele (SBM; n = 42) on the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF), a measure of executive function behaviors. It also examined whether aspects of biological risk associated with SBM and reserve factors within the family could account for variability in BRIEF scores for children and adolescents with SBM. Patients in the SBM group exhibited more problems than both published norms and a local comparison group of healthy children in metacognition but not behavior regulation. Behavior regulation problems in children with SBM were predicted by parent psychological distress. More shunt-related surgeries and history of seizures predicted poorer metacognitive abilities. 相似文献
932.
933.
Laidre ME 《Animal cognition》2008,11(2):179-187
Studies of intraspecific behavioral variability have documented cases where behaviors are present in some populations or groups
but are absent in others. In some cases these differences cannot be explained by recourse to environmental or genetic variation,
and may instead represent “traditions”. Despite many examples of animal traditions in acoustic communication, relatively few
examples exist of gestural traditions. Here I report on a study of communication across eight captive groups of mandrills
(Mandrillus sphinx) in which a prominent gesture (Hand extension) was unique to two groups. Habitat variability, genetic differences, and sampling
bias were not sufficient to account for the gesture’s limited distribution across the study groups. Within the two groups
where the gesture did occur only the juveniles in the group performed it, consistently directing it toward adults. Quantitative
analysis of the contexts and responses associated with the gesture suggested that juveniles utilized it to provoke adults.
Moreover, the gesture appeared to minimize the risk juveniles incurred while inciting adults, suggesting that repeated social
interactions shaped the gesture’s form. Interestingly, both the groups where the gesture emerged contained few juveniles.
With limited play partners, these juveniles may have resorted to harassing adults as an alternative social play outlet. The
creation of this novel gesture may thus be due to the combined influence of a shortage of play partners and of the increased
free time for playful social exploration afforded by captivity. Although juveniles frequently “eavesdropped” on dyadic interactions
involving the gesture and would subsequently initiate an interaction with the recipient of the gesture, there was no definitive
evidence for social transmission; the gesture could instead have been independently invented by each juvenile.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. 相似文献
934.
935.
Mary E. Curtner-Smith Ph.D. Anne M. Culp Ph.D. Rex Culp Ph.D. J.D. Carrie Scheib B.S. Kelly Owen B.S. Angela Tilley Molly Murphy Lauren Parkman Peter W. Coleman B.S. 《Journal of child and family studies》2006,15(2):177-189
We examined links between mothers' parenting and children's relational bullying and overt bullying in a sample of children attending a Head Start program. Mothers completed surveys and face-to-face interviews. Head Start teachers completed assessments on children. Results indicated that a small percentage of children in the sample was rated by teachers as engaging in relational bullying “frequently to almost always,” and slightly over half of the sample was rated by teachers as engaging in relational bullying “occasionally to about half of the time.” Similar results were found for the frequency with which children engaged in overt physical bullying. Regarding mothers' parenting, maternal empathy was most strongly correlated with both children's relational bullying and overt physical bullying. In addition, mothers' inappropriate developmental expectations for children and mothers' need to exert power over children rather than grant them independence were related to children's relational bullying. A composite variable for mothering predicted 11% of the variance in children's relational bullying. No gender differences were found for children's relational bullying and children's overt bullying. 相似文献
936.
Lars Nyberg Lillemor Lundin-Olsson Bj?rn Sondell Anders Backman Kenneth Holmlund Staffan Eriksson Michael Stenvall Erik Rosendahl Marcus Maxhall Gustaf Bucht 《Cyberpsychology & behavior》2006,9(4):388-395
Falls and fall-related injuries are a major problem for elderly persons. Most falls occur during walking and turning, and the risk of falling increases when attention is diverted to something besides walking. It is often difficult to standardize methods for testing balance and fall tendency in a clinically relevant setting. We describe the development of a system using a virtual environment (VE) to assess how attention demanding and unexpected events influence a person's capacity to control balance and movement. The hardware in the system consists of a head-mounted display (HMD), a magnetic tracker system, and two SGI computers. The software consists of the image generation of the VE and the management and visualization of motion tracking data. In a preliminary pilot study eight subjects (age 23-80) participated. Each subject walked on a normal floor and was visually presented a familiar outdoor environment in the HMD. They were exposed to different unexpected events, such as a virtual snowfall and tilting of the VE. Disturbances of balance and walking patterns such as changes in speed, stride length and balance reactions like slipping were observed. Two subjects experienced symptoms of cyber sickness with a SSQ score above 25 points. Walking with sensors only did not affect walking time, but in VE the subjects generally walked more slowly. Virtual tilting of the environment had an impact on balance performance during walking. This effect was not observed while the test subjects were walking in a virtual snowfall. The model needs further development but may hold a potential for clinical use. 相似文献
937.
Lo?c Lemoine Kjerstin Torre Delignières Didier 《Revue canadienne de psychologie expérimentale》2006,60(4):247-257
A number of recent papers have suggested that the series of time intervals produced in continuation tapping may have fractal properties. This proposition, nevertheless, was only based on the visual appraisal of graphical results, and was not statistically supported. In the present study, we applied the ARMA/ARFIMA modeling procedures proposed by Wagenmakers, Farrell, and Ratcliff (2005) to test for the presence of long-range dependencies in continuation tapping data. Our results demonstrate the presence of long-range dependencies in most series and offer strong support for the hypothesis that fluctuations in tapping series are fractal in nature. 相似文献
938.
Owen Anderson 《Reviews in Religion & Theology》2006,13(3):423-425
Book reviewed:
In Defense of Natural Theology: A Post-Humean Assessment , James F. Sennett and Douglas Groothuis (eds), Intervarsity Press 2005 (0-8308-2767-6), 336 pp., pb $13.00 相似文献
In Defense of Natural Theology: A Post-Humean Assessment , James F. Sennett and Douglas Groothuis (eds), Intervarsity Press 2005 (0-8308-2767-6), 336 pp., pb $13.00 相似文献
939.
Owen Anderson 《Reviews in Religion & Theology》2006,13(2):152-157
Book reviewed:
Standing Trial: Law and the Person in the Modern Middle East , Baudouin Dupret (ed.), I.B. Tauris 2004 (1-86064-997-1), x + 382 pp., $75.00
Muslim Ethics: Emerging Vistas , Amyn B. Sajoo, I.B. Tauris 2004 (1-85043-550-2), xvi + 164 pp., $39.50 相似文献
Standing Trial: Law and the Person in the Modern Middle East , Baudouin Dupret (ed.), I.B. Tauris 2004 (1-86064-997-1), x + 382 pp., $75.00
Muslim Ethics: Emerging Vistas , Amyn B. Sajoo, I.B. Tauris 2004 (1-85043-550-2), xvi + 164 pp., $39.50 相似文献
940.
The present study assessed the effect of interpersonal similarities between mentors and protégés in a large formal teacher
mentoring program. The dependent variables included protégés’ satisfaction with the services provided by the program and perception
of the program as influencing the decision to continue as a New York City Public School teacher. Two years of responses to
surveys indicated that mentor-protégés similarities, most notably in the relatively intangible areas of outside interests,
teaching styles, or personality types, fostered stronger relationships between mentors and protégés. 相似文献