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171.
172.
Barry Stroud 《Erkenntnis》2007,66(1-2):271-285
Dispositional theories of the colours of objects identify an object’s having a certain colour with its being such that it
would produce perceptions of certain kinds in perceivers of certain kinds under certain specified conditions. Without doubting
that objects have dispositions to produce perceptions of certain kinds, this paper questions whether the relevant kinds of
perceptions, perceivers, and conditions can be specified in a way that (i) does not rely on acceptance of any objects as being
coloured in a non-dispositional sense and (ii) secures the necessity of the identity between an object’s having the disposition
so specified and its having the colour in question. Accepting any theory that looked as if it succeeded on both these counts
would require an explanation of why a parallel identity does not hold for an object’s disposition to produce, e.g., perceptions
of shape. 相似文献
173.
Christopher T. Barry Paul J. Frick Kristy K. Adler Sarah J. Grafeman 《Journal of child and family studies》2007,16(4):508-521
We examined the predictive utility of narcissism among a community sample of children and adolescents (N=98) longitudinally. Analyses focused on the differential utility between maladaptive and adaptive narcissism for predicting
later delinquency. Maladaptive narcissism significantly predicted self-reported delinquency at one-, two-, and three-year
follow-ups. This pattern held even when considering other intrapersonal risk factors for conduct problems (i.e., callous-unemotional
traits, impulsivity), parenting practices, and when controlling for earlier conduct problems. In addition, adaptive narcissism
was predictive of delinquency in the absence of positive parenting practices, with maladaptive narcissism being particularly
predictive of delinquency in the presence of negative parenting. The implications for understanding delinquency in terms of
the social and motivational characteristics that are the hallmark of maladaptive narcissism are discussed. 相似文献
174.
ABSTRACT— Greater group identification and higher levels of procedural justice typically work together to encourage group members to engage in group-serving cooperative behavior. However, when people who already identify with a group receive information indicating that the group is procedurally unjust, their motivation to engage in group-serving behavior may increase. This article reports two studies in which college students' identification with their university was measured and information about the procedural justice of the university was manipulated. Study 1 used an explicit measure of group identification and a deliberative measure of group-serving behavior. Study 2 used an implicit measure of group identification and both deliberative and spontaneous measures of group-serving behavior. The findings of both studies support the hypothesis that among people who are highly identified with a group, learning about the group's injustice leads to short-term increases in group-serving behavior. 相似文献
175.
Barry Stroud 《European Journal of Philosophy》2009,17(4):559-570
Abstract: This paper is an attempt to identify and to suggest reasons to reject those assumptions about the nature and scope of perceptual knowledge that appear to make an unacceptable scepticism the only strictly defensible answer to the philosophical problem of knowledge of the world in general. The suggestion is that our knowing things about the world around us by perception can be satisfactorily explained only if we can be understood to sometimes perceive that such‐and‐such is so, where what we perceive to be so is the very state of the world that we thereby know to be so. This is not proposed as a better answer to the philosophical problem, but as a way of seeing how that problem as traditionally understood could not really present a threat to anyone who can think about the world at all. 相似文献
176.
Barry Loewer 《Synthese》2009,170(2):217-233
In the course of defending his view of the relation between the special sciences and physics from Jaegwon Kim’s objections Jerry Fodor asks “So then, why is there anything except physics?” By which he seems to mean to ask if physics is fundamental and complete in its domain how can there be autonomous special science laws. Fodor wavers between epistemological and metaphysical understandings of the autonomy of the special sciences. In my paper I draw out the metaphysical construal of his view and argue that while in a sense it answers Fodor’s question it is immensely implausible. 相似文献
177.
Child-rearing attitudes among East Asian groups have been emphasized in the developmental psychology literature in the context of their association with academic achievement. Although child-rearing attitudes play an important role in the transmission of cultural values, much of the research on East Asian child-rearing attitudes has ignored cultural variables and has instead focused on authoritarian parenting style. The current study examined the association between three classes of variables-culture (i.e., ethnic identity, self-construal, acculturation), demographics (sex, years in the US, English fluency), and self-disclosure-and traditional child-rearing attitudes (TCRA) among East Asian immigrants in the United States. It was hypothesized that higher levels of TCRA would be associated with higher levels of ethnic identity, interdependent self-construal, separation, and guarded self-disclosure, and fewer years spent in the United States. The participants included 170 East Asian (Chinese, Japanese, and Korean) immigrants (88 men, 82 women) who were administered a battery of psychometrically established measures. Our hypotheses were largely supported. We found that, while there was no significant sex by ethnicity effect for TCRA, men were significantly more likely than women to endorse TCRA and the Korean group had significantly higher TCRA than the Japanese group. Ethnic identity, interdependent self-construal, separation, years in the US, and guarded self-disclosure were significant independent predictors of TCRA. The findings suggest the need for broadening the content of assessment tools of child-rearing attitudes and measuring associated cultural and noncultural variables among East Asian ethnic groups. Future research on child-rearing attitudes among Asian ethnic groups may benefit from (1) measuring multiple dimensions of TCRA, (2) assessing associated cultural variables directly rather than inferring them in an ad hoc fashion based on observed ethnicity differences, (3) measurement of demography (including sex and years spent in the host country) and (4) examining the potential influence of guarded self-disclosure. 相似文献
178.
Janak Pandey Roomana N. Siddiqui Arjun K. Udas R. Barry Ruback 《Psychological studies》2009,54(3):202-212
Residents of eight different locations in Kathmandu, four in the inner city and four on the outskirts, were interviewed about
environmental stressors, mental distress, and physical symptoms. There were significant gender and location differences on
all three measures. Compared to men, women reported more mental distress and more physical symptoms, but fewer environmental
stressors. Compared to residents of the inner city, residents of the outskirts reported more mental distress, more physical
symptoms, and fewer environmental stressors. Environmental stressors were linked to mental distress among residents in the
outskirts but were not linked to mental distress among residents in the inner city. Results suggested that residents’ belief
in perceived control of their lives by God partially explained this effect. 相似文献
179.
Susan Randall Armel Jeanna McCuaig Amy Finch Rochelle Demsky Tony Panzarella Joan Murphy Barry Rosen 《Journal of genetic counseling》2009,18(4):366-378
The number of individuals receiving genetic counseling for hereditary breast and ovarian cancer syndrome has steadily risen.
To triage patients for genetic counseling and to help reduce the amount of time needed by a genetic counselor in direct patient
contact, many clinics have implemented the use of family history questionnaires. Although such questionnaires are widely used,
scant literature exists evaluating their effectiveness. This article explores the extent to which family history questionnaires
are being used in Ontario and addresses the utility of such questionnaires in one familial cancer clinic. By comparing the
pedigrees created from questionnaires to those updated during genetic counseling, the accuracy and effectiveness of the questionnaires
was explored. Of 121 families recruited into the study, 12% acquired changes to their pedigree that led to a revised probability
estimate for having a BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation and 5% acquired changes that altered their eligibility for genetic testing.
No statistically significant difference existed between the eligibility for genetic testing prior to and post counseling.
This suggests that family history questionnaires can be effective at obtaining a family history and accurately assessing eligibility
for genetic testing. Based on the variables that were significantly associated with a change in probability estimate, we further
present recommendations for improving the clarity of such questionnaires and therefore the ease of use by patients. 相似文献
180.
Tammy M. Beran Tara A. McCannel Annette L. Stanton Bradley R. Straatsma Barry L. Burgess 《Journal of genetic counseling》2009,18(3):265-274
To determine if choroidal melanoma patients want cytogenetic prognostic information. Ninety-nine choroidal melanoma patients
completed a questionnaire regarding their opinions about receiving prognostic information. The perceived usefulness of prognostic
information was evaluated in patients who had undergone cytogenetic testing. Depressive symptoms, quality of life, and interest
in supportive counseling during test receipt were assessed. Ninety-seven percent of respondents reported that they would have
wanted prognostic information at the time of their treatment and 98% of respondents reported that supportive counseling should
be offered when prognostic information is given. Patients who had received a more favorable prognostic result were more likely
to endorse the usefulness of cytogenetic testing than were patients who had received a less favorable prognostic result. Psychological
status did not vary significantly as a function of cytogenetic test result. Prognostic information was important to patients
with choroidal melanoma, even in the absence of prophylactic measures which might improve prognosis. 相似文献