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231.
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233.
Ann Lagomarcino Dennis H. Reid James F. Phillips Philip G. Wilson 《Behavioral Interventions》1986,1(2):125-136
A helpful component for comprehensive residential services for developmentally disabled persons is volunteer assistance. This investigation involved the evaluation of a program developed to increase the amount of volunteer assistance provided to a public residential facility. The program consisted of three types of related procedures: systematic volunteer recruitment steps, specific volunteer activities at the facility, and consequence/recognition for the volunteer assistance. The program was successively implemented to involve students as volunteers from two local universities, and resulted in an increase in new students volunteering from both universities. Additionally, the frequency with which the students volunteered at the residential facility increased substantially from both universities relative to control periods during which the volunteer program was not in effect. Results are discussed in terms of the benefits of volunteers and continued research to increase involvement of other prospective groups of volunteers. 相似文献
234.
Dennis P. McGuire 《Psychometrika》1986,51(2):331-333
It is generally believed that correlations and standard deviations measured within an explicitly selected group must be smaller than those within an applicant population. A small data set is used to show that this is not always true, and that both validity and reliability estimates within a selected group can exceed those within the applicant population. The increase in correlation within the explicitly selected group is tied to an increase in standard deviation of the predictor in the selected group. This conclusion extends Levin's (1972) result for the case of incidental selection, selection on an unmeasured third variable. If possible, theoretical derivations should not be limited to the case where the predictor standard deviation in the applicant population exceeds that in the selected group. When such a situation occurs in observed data, it cannot be immediately dismissed as an artifact.The author would like to thank Mark L. Davison and other reviewers for their comments on earlier drafts of the paper. An anonymous reviewer provided a better example than the original one, resulting in a more general conclusion.This work was supported in part by a Dissertation Fellowship from the University of Minnesota. 相似文献
235.
Michael E. Hyland Sidney H. Irvine Clive Thacker Peter L. Dann Ian Dennis 《Current Psychology》1989,8(3):228-233
The factor structure of the Stunkard-Messick Eating Questionnaire (SMEQ) differs from that of the Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire
(DEBQ). Using students and members of a weight watchers club, we factor-analyzed responses to the SMEQ and produced a solution
which was different from that obtained by Stunkard and Messick, but which had some similarities to the factor structure of
the DEBQ. “External” taste items and “internal” hunger items loaded on the same factor, a finding inconsistent with externality
theory but consistent with the common sense notion of appetite strength. Although our finding suggests factor instability
of the SMEQ, the stability of the DEBQ appears to be the consequence of a restricted range of DEBQ items compared with SMEQ
items.
Financial support for this research was given by Lilly Industries. 相似文献
236.
McKerlie D 《哲学与公共事务》1992,21(3):275-295
The first part of the article considers what proponents of the most familiar egalitarian moral theories would say about age-group inequality. I claim that these theories have intuitively objectionable consequences. The second part explains and criticizes a theory of justice formulated specifically for age-groups: Norman Daniels' prudential lifespan account. In the third part I explain two views that seem to me to give a better account of justice between the young and the old. 相似文献
237.
Dennis Howitt 《Current Psychology》1992,2(3):311-322
This paper questions the role of legal constraints in the reporting of trials by reference to the situation in Great Britain.
Traditionally a good deal of pre-trial publicity in the press and other media has been regarded as a threat to the fairness
of the outcome of the trial. The Law on Contempt of Court has been used to control media activity in this area. However, much
of this is built upon assumptions about the nature of the juror which may not be well founded. Research evidence is reviewed
and it is suggested that the fairness of the juror and an ability to react in an unbiased manner to evidence after being exposed
to ‘prejudicial’ publicity are more accurate interpretations. It is suggested that there are alternatives to legalistic controls
over the media and that abandoning some legal control might not have the undesirable consequences sometimes imagined. 相似文献
238.
Wayne Messner Dennis Bray Guy C. Germain Nico Stehr 《Knowledge, Technology, and Policy》1992,5(4):82-100
This article is a critical, sociological examination of policy advice aimed at reducing or limiting CO2 emissions. The policy proposals are taken from various sources directed to governmental or economic institutions and targeted
to cope with the natural and social consequences of global warming. We ask, based on a sociological understanding of features
constitutive of practical social science knowledge, how feasible and practical are various policy proposals. Our assessment,
in turn, is based on a theoretical model of the characteristics ofpractical scientific knowledge, which is discussed in conjunction with the current field of climate change knowledge.
He is currently the editor of theCanadian Journal of Sociology.
This article is a revised version of a paper presented at the 27th Annual Meeting of the Canadian Sociology and Anthropology
Association, Learned Societies Conference, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, Canada, June 1992. 相似文献
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240.
In this study we attempted to operationalize, measure, and increase happiness among people with profound disabilities. Happiness indices were defined and observed among 5 individuals. Validation measures indicated that (a) increases in happiness indices were observed when individuals were presented with most preferred stimuli relative to least preferred stimuli, (b) increases in unhappiness indices were observed when they were presented with least preferred relative to most preferred stimuli, and (c) practitioner ratings of participant happiness coincided with observed indices. Subsequently, classroom staff increased happiness indices through presentation and contingent withdrawal of activities. Results suggested that a behavioral approach can enhance happiness as one aspect of quality of life among people with profound disabilities. Research directions are offered that focus on using a behavioral approach to investigate other private events that are important among people with disabilities. 相似文献