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91.
ROC curves were determined from response latencies of goldfish in a single-stimulus generalization task. The resulting functions were similar to ROC curves obtained by rating methods with human Os. 相似文献
92.
93.
David Wood John Shotter Duncan Godden 《Quarterly journal of experimental psychology (2006)》1974,26(2):252-257
There has been considerable debate in recent years about the status of “imagery” in problem solving. The present experiment attempts to show that while subjects may employ representational strategies when they first encounter a class of problems, they abandon such strategies as they gain experience with the problems. It does this by asking subjects to answer unexpected questions which are based upon the information which they have just used to solve a problem. The hypothesis, which is supported by the results, is that increasing experience with problems will be paralleled by a decreasing ability to answer unexpected questions. The experiment also shows that such effects are not attributable to a build-up in proactive interference. 相似文献
94.
Adolescent reading skill and engagement with digital and traditional literacies as predictors of reading comprehension 下载免费PDF全文
Lynne G. Duncan Sarah P. McGeown Yvonne M. Griffiths Susan E. Stothard Anna Dobai 《British journal of psychology (London, England : 1953)》2016,107(2):209-238
This study investigates the concurrent predictors of adolescent reading comprehension (literal, inferential) for fiction and non‐fiction texts. Predictors were examined from the cognitive (word identification, reading fluency), psychological (gender), and ecological (print exposure) domains. Print exposure to traditional and digital texts was surveyed using a diary method of reading habits. A cross‐sectional sample of 312 students in early (11–13 years) or middle adolescence (14–15 years) participated from a range of SES backgrounds. Word identification emerged as a strong predictor of reading comprehension across adolescence and text genres. Gender effects favouring female students were evident for reading frequency but not for reading skill itself. Reading habits also differed, and comprehension advantages were observed among females for fiction and males for non‐fiction. Age effects emerged for reading frequency, which was lower in middle adolescence. Although more time was spent on digital than on traditional texts, traditional extended text reading was the only reading habit to predict inference‐making in comprehension and to distinguish skilled from less skilled comprehenders. The theoretical and educational implications of these results are discussed. 相似文献
95.
Francis Green Alan Felstead Duncan Gallie Hande Inanc 《Journal of Happiness Studies》2016,17(1):389-411
We study how job-related well-being (measured by Warr’s ‘Enthusiasm’ and ‘Contentment’ scales) altered through the Great Recession, and how this is related to changing job quality. Using nationally representative data for Britain, we find that job-related well-being was stable between 2001 and 2006, but then declined between 2006 and 2012. We report relevant changes in job quality. In modelling the determinants of job-related well-being, we confirm several previously-studied hypotheses and present some new findings: downsizing, work re-organisation, decreased choice, and linking pay to organisational performance each reduce well-being; indicators of skills challenge in jobs have more of a positive association with Enthusiasm than with Contentment, while effort has a more negative association with Contentment than with Enthusiasm. Our estimates are largely orthogonal to the effects of personality traits and demographic controls on well-being. Using a standard decomposition, we find that the 2006–2012 fall in job-related well-being is partly accounted for by accelerations in the pace of workplace change, rising job insecurity, increased effort and changing participation. 相似文献
96.
Bradley T. Erford Chelsea Gunther Kelly Duncan Gerta Bardhoshi Beth Dummett Jennifer Kraft Katie Deferio Michelle Falco Margaret Ross 《Journal of counseling and development : JCD》2016,94(1):13-30
This meta‐analysis of 152 published posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) clinical trials from 1990 to 2012 concluded that counseling generally produced a small to large effect of treatment across all comparison conditions at termination (d+ = 0.30 to 0.89). These gains were maintained at longest follow‐up (d+ = 0.58 to 0.86) for the wait‐list, treatment‐as‐usual, and single‐group comparisons, but not for the follow‐up placebo comparison (d+ = 0.15), probably because of the low power (j = 3 placebo studies). Clinical trial findings were synthesized using a random‐effects model. No effects of publication bias or moderating variables were evident. No difference was found between trauma‐focused and non‐trauma‐focused approaches. Implications for counseling practice and future PTSD outcome research are addressed. 相似文献
97.
International Journal for Philosophy of Religion - 相似文献
98.
This article reviews existing research pertaining to antidepressant medications, psychotherapy, and their combined efficacy
in the treatment of clinical depression in youth. Based on this review, we recommend that youth depression and its treatment
can be readily understood from a social-psycho-bio model. We maintain that this model presents an alternative conceptualization
to the dominant biopsychosocial model, which implies the primacy of biological contributors. Further, our review indicates
that psychotherapy should be the frontline treatment for youth with depression and that little scientific evidence suggests
that combined psychotherapy and medication treatment is more effective than psychotherapy alone. Due primarily to safety issues,
selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors should be initiated only in conjunction with psychotherapy and/or supportive monitoring. 相似文献
99.
One hundred msec tones of 1000 Hz at four intensities were presented according to two Poisson schedules in a background of wide band noise and as increments to a 1000 Hz tone. Each 15 minute test session was run under fixed conditions and one of three instructions to detect the signals; the two Ss were free to respond at any time. The data analyzed were several inter-response and signal-response distributions, and they were compared with a theory due to Luce. Discrepancies between the theory and data indicate needed modifications of both the theory and the procedure. 相似文献
100.
This paper introduces the articles in this volume, and offers an overview of each piece. 相似文献