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61.
Castano Melina Vanesa Biondi Laura Marina Favero Marco Garca Germn Oscar 《Animal cognition》2022,25(3):519-527
Animal Cognition - Innovation, a process that plays an important role in the ecology and evolution of species, is considered an expression of behavioral flexibility in animals. Here we analyzed... 相似文献
62.
Oscar Andersson 《Journal of the history of the behavioral sciences》2014,50(1):79-103
Social scientists have mostly taken it for granted that William Foote Whyte's sociological classic Street Corner Society (SCS, 1943) belongs to the Chicago school of sociology's research tradition or that it is a relatively independent study which cannot be placed in any specific research tradition. Social science research has usually overlooked the fact that William Foote Whyte was educated in social anthropology at Harvard University, and was mainly influenced by Conrad M. Arensberg and W. Lloyd Warner. What I want to show, based on archival research, is that SCS cannot easily be said either to belong to the Chicago school's urban sociology or to be an independent study in departmental and idea‐historical terms. Instead, the work should be seen as part of A. R. Radcliffe‐Brown's and W. Lloyd Warner's comparative research projects in social anthropology. 相似文献
63.
Oscar Salinas 《Ethics & behavior》2014,24(1):16-33
The concept of “moral equivocation” may be defined in the context of an ethical framework for moral judgment. This framework comprises two universal principles of right: the Dependency Principle, found (but not endorsed) in Plato's Republic, and the Democracy Principle. Moral equivocation is evident in a violation of either of these two principles. At the cultural level, coping with moral equivocation often requires moral compromise, as is evident in applying the Dependency-Democracy Principles Ethical Framework to the issue of HIV testing for pregnant women. 相似文献
64.
Paukert AL Pettit JW Kunik ME Wilson N Novy DM Rhoades HM Greisinger AJ Wehmanen OA Stanley MA 《Journal of clinical psychology in medical settings》2010,17(4):387-400
Physical illness may precipitate psychological distress among older adults. This study examines whether social support and
self-efficacy moderate the associations between physical health and depression and anxiety. Predictions were tested in 222
individuals age 60 or older presenting for help with worry. Physical health was assessed through self-report (subjective)
and physical diagnoses (objective). Objective physical health did not have a significant association with depression or anxiety.
Worse subjective physical health was associated with increased somatic anxiety, but not with depression or worry. The relationship
between subjective physical health and depressive symptoms was moderated by self-efficacy and social support. As predicted,
when self-efficacy was low, physical health had its strongest negative association with depressive symptoms such that as physical
health improved, depressive symptoms also improved. However, the moderation effect was not as expected for social support;
at high levels of social support, worse physical health was associated with increased depressive affect. 相似文献
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One of the major transformations in religion in contemporary societies has been the decline of church institutions and their reconstruction within a diverse network of associations, therapies, markets and other unconventional spiritual services. Based on extensive ethnographic fieldwork on religious behaviours and dynamics in sports contexts, and taking the similarities between sport and religion as the point of departure, this paper analyses, reflects on and theorises about the symbolic affinities of these two contemporary social institutions. The results show that symbolism converges in the religious element, tending to improve aspects related to sports ethics and establishing affective experiences among participants, with positive results for their physical and mental wellbeing. The findings indicate that a symbolic analysis of the various facets of sport is a useful approach for gaining a better understanding of this phenomenon, since besides being biological, diseases are also cultural and social, and thus, disease, religion and ritual are emotionally related. 相似文献
69.
Rojas Tejada AJ Lozano Rojas OM Navas Luque M Pérez Moreno PJ 《Psychological reports》2011,109(2):553-572
There have been two basic approaches for the study of minority group prejudice against the majority: to adapt instruments from the majority group, and to use qualitative techniques by analyzing the content of the discourse of the groups involved. Neither of these procedures solves the problem of measuring intergroup attitudes of majorities and minorities in interaction. This study shows the result of a prejudice scale which was developed to measure the attitude of both the minority and majority groups. Prejudice is conceived as an attitude which requires the beliefs or opinions about the out-group, the emotions it elicits, and the behavior or intentional behavior toward it to be known for its evaluation. The innovation in this work is that the psychometric development of the scale was based on the item response theory, and more specifically, the rating scale model. 相似文献
70.
Oscar Sechudi 《Journal of Psychology in Africa》2016,26(4):363-367
This study investigated perceived individual transformational leadership (TL) to influence behaviours on follower organisational citizenship behaviour (OCB) in a South African combat military unit. A sample of 300 of 567 military followers (males = 78%; black Africans = 82%) completed a survey on their perceptions of transformational leadership qualities among their leaders who were trained in TL: Idealised influence, Inspirational motivation, Intellectual stimulation and Individualised consideration. The military followers also self-reported on their own OCB: Altruism, Civic virtue, Courtesy, Sportsmanship and Conscientiousness. Data were analysed utilising regression analysis to predict military followers’ self-reported OCB from perceived TL behaviours. Findings indicated that only Individualised consideration could significantly predict the OCB dimensions of Altruism, Civic virtue, Sportsmanship and Conscientiousness, but not Courtesy. 相似文献