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71.
Danny Osborne John T. Jost Julia C. Becker Vivienne Badaan Chris G. Sibley 《European journal of social psychology》2019,49(2):244-269
Social identity, shared grievances, and group efficacy beliefs are well-known antecedents to collective action, but existing research overlooks the fact that collective action often involves a confrontation between those who are motivated to defend the status quo and those who seek to challenge it. Using nationally representative data from New Zealand (Study 1; N = 16,147) and a large online sample from the United States (Study 2; N = 1,513), we address this oversight and demonstrate that system justification is negatively associated with system-challenging collective action, but positively associated with system-supporting collective action, for members of both low-status and high-status groups. Group identification, group-based injustice, group-based anger, and system-based dissatisfaction/anger mediated these relationships. These findings constitute the first empirical integration of system justification theory into a model of collective action that explains when people will act collectively to challenge—and, just as importantly, defend—the status quo. 相似文献
72.
The purpose of this study was to explore how psychiatric diagnosis and family relationships relate to problems identified by participants in three one-day public family psychoeducation workshops for families with a member with a serious mental illness. Workshop participants generated lists of problems they had faced, which were coded into eleven categories. Logistic regression models predicting listing of categories were developed based on ill member (diagnosis, sex, treatment compliance) and family member (sex, age, relationship to the ill member) characteristics. For models predicting content category from ill member characteristics, only denial/noncompliance and interpersonal/social categories were significantly predictive as dependent variables. For models predicting content categories from family member characteristics, only the resources/benefits model was predictive. The significant findings, in conjunction with the important negative results, suggest implications for further development of family intervention models. Building on previous research, groups composed of families coping with more than a single diagnosis and including a variety of family member relationships have the potential to reach consensus on curriculum topics. 相似文献
73.
Despite the substantial interest in memory for complex pictorial stimuli, there has been virtually no research comparing memory
for static scenes with that for their moving counterparts. We report that both monochrome and color moving images are better
remembered than static versions of the same stimuli at retention intervals up to one month. When participants studied a sequence
of still images, recognition performance was the same as that for single static images. These results are discussed within
a theoretical framework which draws upon previous studies of scene memory, face recognition, and representational momentum. 相似文献
74.
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76.
Duane F. Hurst Dona E. C. Locke David Osborne 《Journal of clinical psychology in medical settings》2010,17(3):183-194
Many transplant centers require personality assessment and/or psychiatric clearance prior to allowing an individual to donate
a kidney. This is a unique cohort for personality assessment, and there is no normative information available for this population
on standardized self-report measures such as the Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI). We evaluated a prospective sample
of 434 kidney donor candidates with development of normative T-scores relevant to this specific comparison group. Compared
to the original normative group from the PAI manual, potential kidney donors are 5–7 T-score points above the mean on PIM,
RXR, DOM, and WRM and 4–6 points below the mean on the majority of the remaining scales. Raw score/T score conversion tables
are provided. The normative data provided here is meant to supplement the original normative information and aid psychologists
in evaluation of this unique medical population. 相似文献
77.
Michael A Schwartz Osborne P Wiggins 《Philosophy, ethics, and humanities in medicine : PEHM》2010,5(1):2
Basing ourselves on the writings of Hans Jonas, we offer to psychosomatic medicine a philosophy of life that surmounts the
mind-body dualism which has plagued Western thought since the origins of modern science in seventeenth century Europe. Any
present-day account of reality must draw upon everything we know about the living and the non-living. Since we are living
beings ourselves, we know what it means to be alive from our own first-hand experience. Therefore, our philosophy of life,
in addition to starting with what empirical science tells us about inorganic and organic reality, must also begin from our
own direct experience of life in ourselves and in others; it can then show how the two meet in the living being. Since life
is ultimately one reality, our theory must reintegrate psyche with soma such that no component of the whole is short-changed,
neither the objective nor the subjective. In this essay, we lay out the foundational components of such a theory by clarifying
the defining features of living beings as polarities. We describe three such polarities:
1) |
Being vs. non-being: Always threatened by non-being, the organism must constantly re-assert its being through its own activity. 相似文献
78.
Ben Sidaway Derek Bonenfant Jesse Jandreau Andrew Longley Kayla Osborne David Anderson 《Acta psychologica》2015
We sought to determine if the asymmetrical tonic neck reflex influences the accuracy of self-selected arm positioning without vision and to ascertain if such accuracy is influenced by a pre-contraction of the prime movers. Participants reproduced an arm position using their abductors with the head in midline, rotated towards and away from the arm. Arm movements were made with and without a pre-contraction of the abductors. Twenty participants performed eight trials in each of the six different conditions. Compared to the midline position, participants undershot the reference position with the head turned away and overshot the position with the head rotated towards the arm. A pre-contraction caused undershooting regardless of head position. Results suggest that head position and pre-contraction may have significant and independent effects on arm positioning. 相似文献
79.
Income and neighbourhood‐level inequality predict self‐esteem and ethnic identity centrality through individual‐ and group‐based relative deprivation: A multilevel path analysis
![]() Danny Osborne Chris G. Sibley Nikhil Kumar Sengupta 《European journal of social psychology》2015,45(3):368-377
Although income and inequality (objective measures of deprivation and the distribution of income within a defined area, respectively) predict people's self‐appraisals, the psychological mechanisms underlying these relationships are largely unknown. We address this oversight by predicting that feeling individually deprived (individual‐based relative deprivation [IRD])—a self‐focused appraisal—mediates the relationship between these two objective measures and self‐esteem. Conversely, believing that one's group is deprived (group‐based relative deprivation [GRD])—a group‐focused appraisal—mediates the relationship between these two objective measures and ethnic identity centrality. We examined these predictions in a national sample of New Zealand adults (N = 6349). As expected, income negatively correlated with IRD and GRD; in turn, IRD negatively correlated with self‐esteem, and GRD positively correlated with ethnic identity centrality. Moreover, after accounting for between‐level variability in income, neighbourhood‐level inequality had indirect effects on self‐esteem and ethnic identity centrality through IRD and GRD, respectively. Thus, income and inequality independently predicted self‐esteem and strength of ingroup identification through distinct mechanisms. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
80.
Andrew D Hathaway Amir Mostaghim Patricia G Erickson Kat Kolar Geraint Osborne 《Deviant behavior》2018,39(12):1672-1680
Cannabis (marijuana) has undergone a normalizing process as indicated by high use rates, social tolerance, and broader cultural acceptance of its use in many countries. Users also maintain access through extended friendship networks that facilitate the cultural diffusion of the practice. The social nature of supply is herein theorized in terms of Goffman’s understanding of activities that function to preserve a sense of normalcy as a collective achievement enabling predictable constructions of reality. Based on in-depth interviews with undergraduate students, we explore how social networks of supply—characterized by casual access, reciprocity, and sharing—contribute to shared meanings about using marijuana as an unremarkable or “normal” thing to do. 相似文献
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