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921.
922.
923.
Linguistic analyses suggest that common and seemingly simple expressions, such as began the book, cannot be interpreted with
simple compositional processes; rather, they require enriched composition to provide an interpretation, such as began reading
the book (Jackendoff, 1997; Pustejovsky, 1995). Recent reading time studies have supported these accounts by providing evidence
that these expressions are more costly to process than are minimally contrasting controls (e.g., McElree, Traxler, Pickering,
Seely, & Jackendoff, 2001). We report a response signal speed—accuracy trade-off (SAT) study in which two types of expressions
that are thought to require enriched composition were examined. Analyses of the full time course SAT data indicate that these
expressions were interpreted less accurately and, most importantly, more slowly than control sentences. The latter finding
suggests that enriched composition requires the online deployment of complex compositional operations. 相似文献
924.
van den Nieuwenhoff HW Mesters I Nellissen JJ Stalenhoef AF de Vries NK 《Journal of genetic counseling》2006,15(1):29-40
Inherited High Cholesterol is treatable, but highly underdiagnosed. To detect undiagnosed blood relatives at a presymptomatic stage, in the Netherlands written information packages are available to facilitate family communication. To investigate the role of those packages in the detection of carriers, we conducted a qualitative evaluation (plus-minus method combined with semistructured interviews with index patients and relatives). Our data suggest that interviewees approved the family approach for finding carriers, although reluctantly. The packages aided family disclosure by reducing hesitation. However, index patients only informed first-degree relatives and generally communicated the risk only once. This may be due to the cultural context and a limited understanding of genetics. For relatives the packages served as a cue to action and as a legitimation to gain access to a diagnostic cholesterol test. Despite the value of these written materials, they should not be used as the only communication between index patient and relatives. 相似文献
925.
Rolim L Zagalo-Cardoso JA Paúl C Sequeiros J Fleming M 《Journal of genetic counseling》2006,15(5):375-391
This study describes the construction of a self-response inventory to evaluate the perception of advantages and disadvantages of the Machado-Joseph disease presymptomatic testing, in 44 individuals at-risk for this disease. The results showed that the reliability of this inventory was satisfactory. Factor analysis revealed a bidimensional structure: perceived advantages (pros) and perceived disadvantages (cons) of presymptomatic testing. Social desirability was found unrelated to the total scores of our inventory. Additional correlation studies, with other scales, confirmed the convergent validity of the instrument. These results suggest adequate construct validity. This inventory thus seems to be a proper instrument to assess expectations involved in the decision-making process of Machado-Joseph disease presymptomatic testing. 相似文献
926.
Berlin and Kay (1969) found systematic restrictions in the color terms of the world’s languages and were inclined to look
to the primate visual system for their origin. Because the visual system does not provide adequate neurophysiological discontinuities
to supply natural color category boundaries, and because recent evidence points to a linguistic origin (Davidoff, Davies,
& Roberson, 1999), a new approach was used to investigate the controversial issue of the origin of color categories. Baboons
and humans were given the same task of matching-to-sample colors that crossed the blue/green boundary. The data and consequent
modeling were remarkably clear-cut. All human subjects matched our generalization probe stimuli as if to a sharp boundary
close to the midpoint between their training items. Despite good color discrimination, none of the baboons showed any inclination
to match to a single boundary but rather responded with two boundaries close to the training stimuli. The data give no support
to the claim that color categories are explicitly instantiated in the primate color vision system. 相似文献
927.
Juujärvi S 《Scandinavian journal of psychology》2006,47(3):193-202
The study investigated changes in care-based moral reasoning, in the context of justice development over the 2-year period among practical-nursing, bachelor-degree social-work and law-enforcement students (N = 59). Main measures were Skoe's Ethic of Care Interview and Colby et al.'s Moral Judgment Interview. Of the participants 34% progressed in care reasoning, and 48% in justice reasoning. Social-work and nursing students progressed in care reasoning, and all groups progressed in justice reasoning. One participant (1.7%) regressed in care reasoning. Care and justice reasoning were parallel in terms of internal consistency, and they were positively related to each other. Findings suggest that care reasoning follows a developmental sequence, involving three main and two transitional levels, as suggested by Gilligan (1982). Main levels include self-concern (Level 1), caring for others (Level 2), and balanced caring for self and others (Level 3). 相似文献
928.
The eye-tracking method was used to assess attentional orienting to and engagement on emotional visual scenes. In Experiment 1, unpleasant, neutral, or pleasant target pictures were presented simultaneously with neutral control pictures in peripheral vision under instruction to compare pleasantness of the pictures. The probability of first fixating an emotional picture, and the frequency of subsequent fixations, were greater than those for neutral pictures. In Experiment 2, participants were instructed to avoid looking at the emotional pictures, but these were still more likely to be fixated first and gazed longer during the first-pass viewing than neutral pictures. Low-level visual features cannot explain the results. It is concluded that overt visual attention is captured by both unpleasant and pleasant emotional content. 相似文献
929.
Wynne LC Tienari P Nieminen P Sorri A Lahti I Moring J Naarala M Läksy K Wahlberg KE Miettunen J 《Family process》2006,45(4):419-434
In the Finnish Adoption Study, a national sample of adoptees with high versus low genetic liability for schizophrenia spectrum disorders was indexed by DSM-III-R diagnoses of their biological, adopting-away mothers. The rearing-family environments of the adoptees were independently evaluated from global ratings of directly observed adoptive family relationships. The interaction of high genetic liability and dysfunction of the rearing families predicted highly significantly to schizophrenia spectrum disorder of the adoptees at 21-year follow-up. Either low genetic liability or healthy rearing protected against a spectrum outcomes for the adoptees. Initial adoptive parent diagnosis, as a proxy for rearing family dysfunction, predicted to adoptee outcome only as a trend. 相似文献
930.
Bruine de Bruin W 《Acta psychologica》2006,123(3):299-311
Serial position effects may occur whenever options are judged in sequence, as is the case in figure skating competitions. International figure skating competitions consist of at least two rounds, with serial position being randomized in the first round. Figure skaters with better scores in the first round perform later in the second round. Despite the initial randomization of serial position, figure skaters who perform later in the first round receive better scores in first and in the second round. The findings presented here replicate those of Bruine de Bruin (2005) [Save the last dance for me: unwanted serial position effects in jury evaluations. Acta Psychologica, 118, 245-260], using a larger dataset, and addressing potential concerns about Bruine de Bruin's analyses. 相似文献