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31.
32.
Kari Y. H. Lagerspetz Rauno Tirri Kirsti M. J. Lagerspetz 《Scandinavian journal of psychology》1968,9(1):157-160
L agerspetz , K. Y. H., T irri , R. & L agerspetz , K. M. J. Neurochemical and endocrinological studies of mice selectively bred for aggressiveness. Scand.J. Psychol ., 1968, g, 157–160.—Several neurochemical and endocrinological variables were studied in male albino mice from two strains, selectively bred for aggressiveness and non-aggressiveness. Differences were found in the weight and the serotonin content of the forebrain, in the catecholamine contents of the brain stem and of the adrenal gland as well as in the weight of the testis. The results indicate that mice selectively bred for aggressiveness show physiological signs of higher orthosympathetic activity than the mice selectively bred for non-aggressiveness. 相似文献
33.
H autojävi , S. & L agerspetz , K. The effects of socially-induced aggressiveness or nonaggressiveness on the sexual behaviour of inexperienced male mice. Scand. J. Psychol ., 1968, 9, 45–49.—High aggressiveness induced by repeated victories over another mouse was found to decrease sexual behaviour of male albino mice. Nonaggressiveness induced by defeats in fights did not affect the level of sexual activity as compared with that of the control animals. 相似文献
34.
Three cartoons were shown to 87 children at two age levels: 5–6 years, and 9 years. The children's experience was assessed in interviews. The younger children experienced the cartoons in a fragmentary manner and not as a continuous story, understood less of the cartoons, and tended to base their moral judgements of a character's behaviour on whether or not they identified with that character. Six months later, the younger children remembered best those scenes that had made them the most anxious earlier. A subgroup of children with abundant aggressive fantasies had a lower level of moral reasoning than the other children, preferred violent scenes, became less anxious while watching them and tended to give illogical explanations for the behaviour of the cartoon characters. The degree of anxiety provoked by a cartoon depended not on the amount of explicit violence shown but on the way the violence was presented. One cartoon, which contained no explicit violence, was considered the most frightening one due to its sound effects. 相似文献
35.
36.
Olli Pyyhtinen 《Human Studies》2008,31(3):279-298
The essay discusses the philosopher and sociologist Georg Simmel’s theorizing about the individual. Whereas it is typically
within the context of the modern metropolis and the mature money economy that Simmel’s ideas have been discussed in the secondary
literature, I render those ideas in another light by addressing the ontological and existential issues crucial to his conception
of the individual. In Simmel, the individual is divided between the “what” and the “who,” between the qualities which make
one something individual and one’s non-repeatable and finite existence which makes one someone singular. I argue that whereas the first dimension can be understood sociologically, in terms of social relations, the latter
is not accessible to sociology as such, but must be treated philosophically. Therefore, if we wish to address this duality
that lies at the heart of individuality, a “philosophical turn” for sociology is called for.
相似文献
Olli PyyhtinenEmail: |
37.
Over the past few decades, the work of Georg Simmel (1858–1918) has again become of interest. Its reception, however, has
been fairly one-sided and selective, mostly because Simmel’s philosophy has been bypassed in favor of his sociological contributions.
This article examines Simmel’s explicit reflections on the nature of philosophy. Simmel defines philosophy through three aspects
which, according to him, are common to all philosophical schools. First, philosophical reasoning implies the effort to think
without preconditions. Second, Simmel maintains that in contrast to other sciences, only philosophy is oriented toward constructing
a general view of the world. Third, Simmel claims that philosophical work worthy of the name creates a sphere of a typical way of being in relation to world, a third sphere that is between the personal and the objective. According to Simmel, what has made philosophy’s eminent figures great
is that they have advanced a type of thinking and developed it into a particularly interesting form, and this type can still
correspond with the way we experience the world. It is significant that these three aspects through which Simmel defines philosophical
activity emphasize the forms of questioning, not the contents or objects of thought. Still, he thinks that an interaction
with concrete examples is always required in order to make philosophy a meaningful activity. This stance is reflected in the
wide variety of topics studied by Simmel himself. In his last works Simmel began to emphasize another aspect of philosophy,
its nature as a living movement of thought related to fundamental human limitedness: just as life itself ceaselessly reaches
beyond its present form, so philosophy constantly strives to overcome the preconditions of thinking.
相似文献
Olli Pyyhtinen (Corresponding author)Email: |
38.
Pulkki-Råback L Puttonen S Elovainio M Raitakari OT Juonala M Keltikangas-Jarvinen L 《Psychology & health》2011,26(1):61-75
We examined the association between adulthood emotionality-activity-sociability temperament scale and preclinical atherosclerosis and, whether this association is mediated by cardiovascular risk factors (low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure and body-mass index (BMI)). The participants were a nationally representative sample of 537 men and 811 women from the Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns study aged 15-30 years at the baseline in 1992 and aged 24-39 years at the follow-up in 2001. Carotid atherosclerosis was assessed by ultrasound scans of the common carotid artery intima-media thickness (IMT) and brachial flow-mediated dilation (FMD). In men, there was an association between the temperament dimension activity and IMT (β = 0.08, p = 0.036) which was partially mediated by BMI (β decreased from 0.08 to 0.05; p-value of Sobel test = 0.002). However, after correction for multiple comparisons the association between IMT and the temperament dimension activity in men was only of borderline significance. In women, there were no associations between temperament and IMT or FMD. These results suggest that a highly active temperament may contribute to early signs of atherosclerosis in men and that body mass may mediate this association. 相似文献
39.
Aggression and Sociometric Status among Peers: Do Gender and Type of Aggression Matter? 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
The connections between the use of different types of aggression (direct physical, direct verbal, and indirect) and sociometric status among same-sex and opposite-sex peers were studied. The subjects were 209 ninth-grade adolescents. Although an adolescent's aggression in general was related to being rejected by peers, a different picture emerged when the shared variance between types of aggression was controlled: The partial correlations showed that when the level of direct (physical and verbal) aggression was kept constant, increases in indirect aggression did not explain variance in peer rejection scores. On the contrary, the use of indirect aggression contributed (especially among boys) to social acceptance by peers. The direct (physical and verbal) forms of aggression were unrelated to adolescents' social acceptance scores. No clear differences were detected between girls' and boys' acceptance or rejection of their aggressive peers, despite the finding that boys seemed to tolerate indirect aggression better than girls did. 相似文献
40.
Saarinen Aino Keltikangas-Järvinen Liisa Viding Essi Dobewall Henrik Kaseva Kaisa Lehtimäki Terho Raitakari Olli Hintsanen Mirka 《Motivation and emotion》2021,45(4):506-517
Motivation and Emotion - We investigated (i) the predictive relationships of compassion with negative emotionality (a marker of susceptibility to stress) and vital exhaustion (a marker of chronic... 相似文献