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141.
Paul D. Hastings Isabel Fortier William T. Utendale Louise R. Simard Philippe Robaey 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》2009,37(4):565-578
Disruptions to hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis function have been associated with varying forms of psychopathology
in children. Studies suggesting children with ADHD have blunted HPA function have been complicated by the prevalence of comorbid
diagnoses and heterogeneity of ADHD. The goals of this research were to assess the relations between waking and stress–response
salivary cortisol levels and comorbid disruptive behavior (DBD) and anxiety (AnxD) disorders and problems in boys with ADHD,
and to examine whether cortisol levels varied across ADHD subtypes. One hundred seventy elementary school-age boys with ADHD
provided salivary cortisol at waking and in reaction to venipuncture. Parent reports were used to assess boys’ psychiatric
diagnoses and severity of behavioral problems. Boys’ comorbid AnxD and anxiety problems were associated with greater cortisol
reactivity, whereas boys’ comorbid DBD and oppositional problems predicted diminished adrenocortical activity. Reactive cortisol
increases were greatest in boys with ADHD and comorbid AnxD, but without DBD. ADHD subtypes were not differentially associated
with waking, pre-stress baseline, or reactive cortisol levels. However, comorbid DBD predicted decreased cortisol reactivity
in boys with inattentive and hyperactive subtypes of ADHD, but not in boys with combined subtype of ADHD. The results clarify
previous patterns of distinct and divergent dysregulations of HPA function associated with boys’ varying kinds of psychopathology.
相似文献
Paul D. HastingsEmail: |
142.
A General Factor of Personality (GFP) occupies the apex of the hierarchy in three prominent personality disorder inventories. On the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory-III, a GFP accounted for 41% of the variance in two second-order factors, 31% of the variance in five first-order factors, and 26% of the variance in all 24 scales. On the Dimensional Assessment of Personality Pathology, a GFP accounted for 61% of the variance in six first-order factors and 36% of the variance in all 18 scales. In a cross-validation study of the Personality Assessment Inventory, a GFP accounted for 65% of the variance in two second-order factors, 47% of the variance in five first-order factors, and 27% of the variance in all 18 scales. 相似文献
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Philippe E. Ruiz 《Behavior research methods》2009,41(2):439-445
Drawing on the g factor and information theory literatures, the relationship between the four subtests of the Culture-Fair
Intelligence Test (CFIT) and the entropy of the Ruiz Absolute Scale of Complexity Management (R-ASCM) was investigated. In
results based on data collected from 186 university students, the entropy of the R-ASCM mostly loads the first principal component
extracted from the CFIT subtests and shows a corresponding strong relationship with the item difficulty of the R-ASCM. Because
entropy is a ratio scale of complexity— with a true zero and units called bits—these findings suggest that entropy
is the right vehicle for measuring the information contained in nonverbal intelligence tests. 相似文献
146.
Philippe Schlenker 《Synthese》2007,158(1):127-138
We provide a systematic recipe for eliminating self-reference from a simple language in which semantic paradoxes (whether
purely logical or empirical) can be expressed. We start from a non-quantificational language L which contains a truth predicate and sentence names, and we associate to each sentence F of L an infinite series of translations h
0(F), h
1(F), ..., stated in a quantificational language L
*. Under certain conditions, we show that none of the translations is self-referential, but that any one of them perfectly
mirrors the semantic behavior of the original. The result, which can be seen as a generalization of recent work by Yablo (1993,
Analysis, 53, 251–252; 2004, Self-reference, CSLI) and Cook (2004, Journal of Symbolic Logic, 69(3), 767–774), shows that under certain conditions self-reference is not essential to any of the semantic phenomena that can be obtained in a simple language. 相似文献
147.
B. Olivier 《Aggressive behavior》1977,3(1):47-56
Male rats were given bilateral lesions in either the anterior or posterior ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH). The intermale aggressive behaviour of these animals within their own territory was observed before and after the surgical procedure and compared with the behaviour of sham-operated animals. The effects of anterior VMH lesions include an increased tendency to respond with frontal threatening upon approach of a conspecific male. This behaviour closely resembles the aggressive responses described in “shock-induced aggression” tests. Posterior VMH lesions facilitate territorial aggressive behaviour characterized by approaching the opponent followed by lateral threatening and fighting. It is suggested that 2 distinct neural substrates exist, which serve to inhibit defensive (anterior-VMH) and offensive (posterior-VMH) intermale aggression, respectively. 相似文献
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