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31.
32.
The study extends research on the effect of frames. It is the first study to examine how framing affects the impact of being bullied. College students were randomly assigned to one of two groups: one framing bullying in terms of resilience and the other framing bullying with negative psychosocial consequences. Participants were asked to engage in a brief writing task aimed to actively create a frame and then completed both implicit and explicit measures. There was a significant main effect by gender and several significant interaction effects between frame and gender. These results suggest that framing impacts an individual’s conceptualization of emotionally salient personal memories and should be considered when developing bullying interventions. The impact of framing bullying may vary by gender. 相似文献
33.
Quick to the draw: How suspect race and socioeconomic status influences shooting decisions 下载免费PDF全文
Samantha Moore‐Berg Andrew Karpinski E. Ashby Plant 《Journal of applied social psychology》2017,47(9):482-491
We examined the role of both suspect race and socioeconomic status (SES) on shooting decisions during a first‐person shooter task. Two studies revealed that both suspect race and SES influenced shooting decisions. Non‐Black participants shot armed high‐SES Black suspects faster than armed high‐SES White suspects and responded “don't shoot” faster for unarmed high‐SES White suspects than unarmed high‐SES Black suspects. No race differences appeared in the low‐SES conditions—responses resembled high‐SES Black suspect. Signal detection, misses, and false alarm analyses revealed participants erred toward not shooting high‐SES White suspects. The current studies draw attention to considering both race and SES during shooting decisions. 相似文献
34.
Suni Petersen Carolyn Bull Olivia Propst Sara Dettinger Laura Detwiler 《Journal of counseling and development : JCD》2005,83(1):41-47
More than 94% of cancer patients described the experience as the most traumatic event they have ever faced and 13% have posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in the aftermath. Empirical evidence demonstrates that certain behaviors lead to more positive health outcomes. Although many patients automatically engage in these behaviors, many others do not. Treatments typically focus on short‐term, symptom‐focused strategies. Narrative‐Expressive Therapy is an intervention designed to address the long‐term, underlying stress and to prevent PTSD in patients with serious illness. 相似文献
35.
Sue Finch Geoff Cumming Jennifer Williams Lee Palmer Elvira Griffith Chris Alders James Anderson Olivia Goodman 《Behavior research methods, instruments & computers》2004,36(2):312-324
Geoffrey Loftus, Editor of Memory & Cognition from 1994 to 1997, strongly encouraged presentation of figures with error bars and avoidance of null hypothesis significance testing (NHST). The authors examined 696 Memory & Cognition articles published before, during, and after the Loftus editorship. Use of figures with bars increased to 47% under Loftus's editorship and then declined. Bars were rarely used for interpretation, and NHST remained almost universal. Analysis of 309 articles in other psychology journals confirmed that Loftus's influence was most evident in the articles he accepted for publication, but was otherwise limited. An e-mail survey of authors of papers accepted by Loftus revealed some support for his policy, but allegiance to traditional practices as well. Reform of psychologists' statistical practices would require more than editorial encouragement. 相似文献
36.
Thalia Wheatley Olivia Kang Carolyn Parkinson Christine E. Looser 《Social and Personality Psychology Compass》2012,6(8):589-606
Connecting deeply with another mind is as enigmatic as it is fulfilling. Why people “click” with some people but not others is one of the great unsolved mysteries of science. However, researchers from psychology and neuroscience are converging on a likely physiological basis for connection – neural synchrony (entrainment). Here, we review research on the necessary precursors for interpersonal synchrony: the ability to detect a mind and resonate with its outputs. Further, We describe potential mechanisms for the development of synchrony between two minds. We then consider recent neuroimaging and behavioral evidence for the adaptive benefits of synchrony, including neural efficiency and the release of a reward signal that promotes future social interaction. In nature, neural synchrony yields behavioral synchrony. Humans use behavioral synchrony to promote neural synchrony, and thus, social bonding. This reverse‐engineering of social connection is an important innovation likely underlying this distinctively human capacity to create large‐scale social coordination and cohesion. 相似文献
37.
We examined whether temporal integration of face parts reflects holistic processing or response interference. Participants
learned to name two faces “Fred” and two “Bob.” At test, the top and bottom halves of different faces formed composites and
were presented briefly separated in time. Replicating prior findings (Singer & Sheinberg, Vision Research, 46, 1838–1847, 2006), naming of the target half for aligned composites was slowed when the irrelevant half was from a face with a different name
rather than from the original face. However, no interference was observed when the irrelevant half had a name identical to
the name of the target half but came from a different learned face, arguing against a true holistic effect. Instead, response
interference was obtained when the target half briefly preceded the irrelevant half. Experiment 2 confirmed a double dissociation of holistic processing versus response interference for intact faces versus temporally separated
face halves, suggesting that simultaneous presentation of facial information is critical for holistic processing. 相似文献
38.
The aim of the present study was to expand the scope of category norm and typicality data to include verbs for use when investigating
semantic memory in fields such as linguistics, psychology, and aphasiology. Two experiments were conducted. In the first,
participants were asked to list verbs within 10 semantic categories (e.g. breaking, cleaning, cooking, etc.) and 10 noun categories (e.g. animals, fruit, tools, etc.). In the second experiment, participants were asked to rate the typicality of verbs within 8 of the previously investigated
verb categories. Although participants listed fewer verbs in verb categories than nouns in noun categories, the overall patterns
with regard to correlation analyses between production frequency, mean rank of responses, lexical frequency, and typicality
were consistent with those observed in noun categories. These patterns are also consistent with those observed in previous
research. Potential similarities and differences between nouns and verbs, as well as future applications of such data, are
discussed. 相似文献
39.
Gailliot MT Stillman TF Schmeichel BJ Maner JK Plant EA 《Personality & social psychology bulletin》2008,34(7):993-1003
Four studies indicate that mortality salience increases adherence to social norms and values, but only when cultural norms and values are salient. In Study 1, mortality salience coupled with a reminder about cultural values of egalitarianism reduced prejudice toward Blacks among non-Black participants. In Studies 2 through 4, a mortality salience induction (e.g., walking through a cemetery) increased self-reported and actual helping behavior only when the cultural value of helping was salient. These results suggest that people may adhere to norms and values so as to manage awareness of death. 相似文献
40.
Gwendolijn Olivia de Bruin Eric Rassin Peter Muris 《Journal of psychopathology and behavioral assessment》2007,29(2):93-100
The present study investigated the relation between intolerance of uncertainty (IU), meta-worry, and neuroticism on the one
hand, and worry on the other hand, in a sample of 105 university students. Two different operationalizations of worry were
used: trait worry and idiosyncratic worry. Results showed that IU, meta-worry, and neuroticism correlated significantly with
trait worry. Further, IU and meta-worry were strongly related but made a unique and independent contribution to trait worry.
Finally, IU and meta-worry could be considered as partial mediators of the relation between neuroticism and trait-like worry.
Relations of IU, meta-worry, and neuroticism with idiosyncratic worry were weak or even absent, although neuroticism was associated
with idiosyncratic worry when the stressful event was more imminent. In conclusion, not IU and meta-worry, but the general
vulnerability factor of neuroticism appeared to possess the most declarative value in relation to both trait and idiosyncratic
worry. 相似文献