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31.
When a hand (either real or fake) is stimulated in synchrony with our own hand concealed from view, the felt position of our own hand can be biased toward the location of the seen hand. This intriguing phenomenon relies on the brain's ability to detect statistical correlations in the multisensory inputs (ie visual, tactile, and proprioceptive), but it is also modulated by the pre-existing representation of one's own body. Nonetheless, researchers appear to have accepted the assumption that the size of the seen hand does not matter for this illusion to occur. Here we used a real-time video image of the participant's own hand to elicit the illusion, but we varied the hand size in the video image so that the seen hand was either reduced, veridical, or enlarged in comparison to the participant's own hand. The results showed that visible-hand size modulated the illusion, which was present for veridical and enlarged images of the hand, but absent when the visible hand was reduced. These findings indicate that very specific aspects of our own body image (ie hand size) can constrain the multisensory modulation of the body schema highlighted by the fake-hand illusion paradigm. In addition, they suggest an asymmetric tendency to acknowledge enlarged (but not reduced) images of body parts within our body representation. 相似文献
32.
In this article, we investigate the creation of comparable score scales across countries in international assessments. We examine potential improvements to current score scale calibration procedures used in international large-scale assessments. Our approach seeks to improve fairness in scoring international large-scale assessments, which often ignore item misfit in score scale calibrations. We also seek to obtain improved model-data fit estimates when calibrating international score scales. To this end, we examine the use of two alternative score scale calibration procedures: (a) a language-based score scale and (b) a more parsimonious international scale wherein a large proportion of international parameters are used with a subset of country-based parameters for items that misfit in the international scale. In our analyses, we used data from all 40 countries participating in the Progress in International Reading Literacy Study. Our findings revealed that current score scale calibration procedures yield large numbers of misfitting items (higher than 25% for some countries). Our proposed approach diminished the effects of proportion of item misfit on score scale calibrations and also yielded enhanced model-data fit estimates. These results lead to enhancing confidence in measurements obtained from international large-scale assessments. 相似文献
33.
María Elena Oliveri Kadriye Ercikan Bruno D. Zumbo René Lawless 《International Journal of Testing》2014,14(3):265-287
In this study, we contrast results from two differential item functioning (DIF) approaches (manifest and latent class) by the number of items and sources of items identified as DIF using data from an international reading assessment. The latter approach yielded three latent classes, presenting evidence of heterogeneity in examinee response patterns. It also yielded more DIF items with larger effect sizes and more consistent item response patterns by substantive aspects (e.g., reading comprehension processes and cognitive complexity of items). Based on our findings, we suggest empirically evaluating the homogeneity assumption in international assessments because international populations cannot be assumed to have homogeneous item response patterns. Otherwise, differences in response patterns within these populations may be under-detected when conducting manifest DIF analyses. Detecting differences in item responses across international examinee populations has implications on the generalizability and meaningfulness of DIF findings as they apply to heterogeneous examinee subgroups. 相似文献
34.
Palmiero Massimiliano Fusi Giulia Crepaldi Maura Borsa Virginia Maria Rusconi Maria Luisa 《Cognitive processing》2022,23(3):341-366
Cognitive Processing - The study of the relationships between divergent thinking and the core executive functions is long standing. However, the literature on this topic is not conclusive. The... 相似文献
35.
Maurizio Bertollo Claudio Robazza Walter Nicola Falasca Massimiliano StocchiClaudio Babiloni Claudio Del PercioNicola Marzano Marco IacoboniFrancesco Infarinato Fabrizio VecchioCristina Limatola Silvia Comani 《Psychology of sport and exercise》2012,13(2):91-98
Objective
The IZOF-based probabilistic approach provides a methodology to study within-individual patterns of a performer's states. So far, the time course of physiological data before performance have not been investigated within the probabilistic methodology framework. The purpose of this study was to examine the value of the probabilistic approach in the assessment of the time course of physiological indicators of arousal/activation and vigilance during the period preceding the shot, in comparison with the performance-based method.Design
Longitudinal assessment of psycho-physiological data and performance outcomes was conducted on eight elite pistol shooters in a controlled setting.Methods
Each participant performed 60 air-pistol shots in 2 sessions. Skin conductance level and cardiac activity were recorded. Affective states intensity was evaluated on a modified 11-point Borg scale. Affect, HR and SC level were evaluated with a Performance-based approach and a Probabilistic method, and results compared at an individual level.Results
Findings showed the higher effectiveness of the probabilistic method to analyse physiological parameters (skin conductance and heart rate) and to describe the physiological mechanisms associated with shooters’ performance.Conclusions
The probabilistic method better discerned the contribution of arousal/activation and vigilance to optimal and non-optimal performance in elite shooters, thereby providing a sharper representation of the temporal pattern of performers' states before shooting. From an applied perspective, we believe that the probabilistic approach can help athletes become aware of the subtle variations occurring in their psychophysical states during the preparatory period preceding the shot and not only at the moment of shot release. 相似文献36.
Parents’ view of the quality of early childhood education and care services has mostly been addressed from the perspective of customer satisfaction. This study investigated parents’ view within a more comprehensive framework in which parents’ values of child care, their evaluations of their child’s experience at the service and overall satisfaction with the service were considered. In particular, the study explored how values and evaluations are related and how they affect overall satisfaction. A questionnaire including a total of 96 items was filled in by 2,936 parents of children attending infant-toddler day-care centres in Rome, Italy. Parents were asked to express their values regarding child care quality and evaluate specific aspects of their experience. Parents’ perspectives of both their child’s and their own experience of childcare services were addressed separately. Two principal component analyses were performed in order to identify latent dimensions underlying parents’ values about child care quality and their evaluations of the service attended by their child. The relationships between the different dimensions of value, evaluation, and overall satisfaction with their child’s and their own experience were explained through two path models, in which values predict evaluations and these, in turn, predict overall satisfaction. Results showed that parents have a multi-faceted view of child care quality and confirm the relevance of taking into account their point of view in an analysis of the quality of early childhood education services. 相似文献
37.
Working memory decay in advanced age has been attributed to a concurrent decrease in the ability to control interference.
The present study contrasted a form of interference control in selective attention that acts upon the perception of external
stimuli (access) with another form that operates on internal representations in working memory (deletion), in order to determine
both of their effects on working memory efficiency in younger and older adults. Additionally, we compared memory performance
under these access and deletion functions to performance in their respective control conditions. The results indicated that
memory accuracy improved in both age groups from the access functions, but that only young adults benefited from the deletion
functions. In addition, intrusion effects in the deletion condition were larger in older than in younger adults. The ability
to control the irrelevant perception- and memory-elicited interference did not decline in general with advancing age; rather,
the control mechanisms that operate on internal memory representations declined specifically. 相似文献
38.
39.
Shah Rukh Humayoun Tiziana Catarci Massimiliano de Leoni Andrea Marrella Massimo Mecella Manfred Bortenschlager Renate Steinmann 《Knowledge, Technology, and Policy》2009,22(1):25-43
The design of interactive systems to be used in mobile and pervasive scenarios, such as emergency management, requires novel
methodologies which combine user-centred design approaches and software engineering approaches tailored for distributed architectures.
In this paper, the methodology adopted in a successful research project is presented together with a case study.
相似文献
Renate SteinmannEmail: |
40.
Francesca Frassinetti Barbara Magnani Massimiliano Oliveri 《Psychological science》2009,20(8):949-954
ABSTRACT— Previous studies have demonstrated the involvement of spatial codes in the representation of time and numbers. We took advantage of a well-known spatial modulation (prismatic adaptation) to test the hypothesis that the representation of time is spatially oriented from left to right, with smaller time intervals being represented to the left of larger time intervals. Healthy subjects performed a time-reproduction task and a time-bisection task, before and after leftward and rightward prismatic adaptation. Results showed that prismatic adaptation inducing a rightward orientation of spatial attention produced an overestimation of time intervals, whereas prismatic adaptation inducing a leftward shift of spatial attention produced an underestimation of time intervals. These findings not only confirm that temporal intervals are represented as horizontally arranged in space, but also reveal that spatial modulation of time processing most likely occurs via cuing of spatial attention, and that spatial attention can influence the spatial coding of quantity in different dimensions. 相似文献