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651.
The aims of our study were: (1) to determine if the acoustical parameters used by normal subjects to discriminate between
different speakers vary when comparisons are made between pairs of two of the same or different vowels, and if they are different
for male and female voices; (2) to ask whether individual voices can reasonably be represented as points in a low-dimensional
perceptual space such that similarly sounding voices are located close to one another. Subjects were presented with pairs
of voices from 16 male and 16 female speakers uttering the three French vowels “a”, “i” and “u” and asked to give speaker
similarity judgments. Multidimensional analyses of the similarity matrices were performed separately for male and female voices
and for three types of comparisons: same vowels, different vowels and overall average. The resulting dimensions were then
interpreted a posteriori in terms of relevant acoustical measures. For both male and female voices, a two-dimensional perceptual
space was found to be most appropriate, with axes largely corresponding to contributions of the larynx (pitch) and supra-laryngeal
vocal tract (formants), mirroring the two largely independent components of source and filter in voice production. These perceptual
spaces of male and female voices and their corresponding voice samples are available at: section Resources. 相似文献
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654.
Adolescents in a drug and alcohol treatment facility had behavioral deficits in having essential items ready for organized group adventure activities. Checklists (i.e., textual response prompts) were introduced. The data from five participants showed increases in the percentage of required items ready. Generalization was demonstrated across checklists for different activities, across staff and peer leaders, and a different day of the week. Performance was also maintained when the checklist was removed. It was concluded that the use of checklists can be a reliable and efficient strategy to improve performance in adolescents with a substance abuse history. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
655.
This article attempts to motivate a new approach to anti-realism (or nominalism) in the philosophy of mathematics. I will
explore the strongest challenges to anti-realism, based on sympathetic interpretations of our intuitions that appear to support
realism. I will argue that the current anti-realistic philosophies have not yet met these challenges, and that is why they
cannot convince realists. Then, I will introduce a research project for a new, truly naturalistic, and completely scientific
approach to philosophy of mathematics. It belongs to anti-realism, but can meet those challenges and can perhaps convince
some realists, at least those who are also naturalists. 相似文献
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Ricardo Primi Daniel Santos Filip De Fruyt Oliver P. John 《The British journal of mathematical and statistical psychology》2019,72(3):447-465
Likert-type self-report scales are frequently used in large-scale educational assessment of social-emotional skills. Self-report scales rely on the assumption that their items elicit information only about the trait they are supposed to measure. However, different response biases may threaten this assumption. Specifically, in children, the response style of acquiescence is an important source of systematic error. Balanced scales, including an equal number of positively and negatively keyed items, have been proposed as a solution to control for acquiescence, but the reasons why this design feature worked from the perspective of modern psychometric models have been underexplored. Three methods for controlling for acquiescence are compared: classical method by partialling out the mean; an item response theory method to measure differential person functioning (DPF); and multidimensional item response theory (MIRT) with random intercept. Comparative analyses are conducted on simulated ratings and on self-ratings provided by 40,649 students (aged 11–18) on a fully balanced 30-item scale assessing conscientious self-management. Acquiescence bias was explained as DPF and it was demonstrated that: the acquiescence index is highly related to DPF; balanced scales produce scores controlled for DPF; and MIRT factor scores are highly related to scores controlled for DPF and the random intercept is highly related to DPF. 相似文献
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This article elaborates upon the notion of media enjoyment in the context of film viewing by proposing a complementary type of gratification that we conceptualize as appreciation. Three studies were conducted to tap into the multidimensionality of viewers' entertainment gratifications with a special focus on the domain of more serious, poignant, and pensive media experiences typically associated with genres such as drama, history, documentary, or art films. These studies provide evidence of and measurement for gratifications related to fun and suspense, but also gratifications related to moving and thought‐provoking entertainment experiences, with all three gratifications leading to perceptions of entertainment having a more long‐lasting or enduring effect. The results are discussed with regard to the theoretical conceptualization of entertainment gratification. 相似文献
660.
Oliver Davies 《Modern Theology》2003,19(2):219-241
A Christian engagement with the question of the nature of the sign has to begin in a theology of the creation. Signs exhibit features of both reference and address. The meaning of the incarnation is that in a world of God's making the referring signs which constitute the world also implicitly function as divine address. The words of institution of the Lord's Supper, taken as an integral part of the Passion narrative, are the fulfilment of this addressive function of the world and thus also mark the point at which the Church is constituted as the human community who are called to receive the divine address. 相似文献