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231.
Basketball jump shooting is controlled online by vision 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
de Oliveira RF Huys R Oudejans RR van de Langenberg R Beek PJ 《Experimental psychology》2007,54(3):180-186
An experiment was conducted to examine whether basketball jump shooting relies on online visual (i.e., dorsal stream-mediated) control rather than motor preprogramming. Seventeen expert basketball players (eight males and nine females) performed jump shots under normal vision and in three conditions in which movement initiation was delayed by zero, one, or two seconds relative to viewing the basket. Shots were evaluated in terms of both outcome and execution measures. Even though most shots still landed near the basket in the absence of vision, end-point accuracy was significantly better under normal visual conditions than under the delay conditions, where players tended to undershoot the basket. In addition, an overall decrease of inter-joint coordination strength and stability was found as a function of visual condition. Although these results do not exclude a role of motor preprogramming, they demonstrate that visual sensory information plays an important role in the continuous guidance of the basketball jump shot. 相似文献
232.
Cardoso de Oliveira S 《Journal of motor behavior》2004,36(4):375-8, 402-7; discussion 408-17
Franz Mechsner (2004) suggests that movements are exclusively controlled with respect to the effects that they cause in the external world and that motor control can be reduced to prediction of movement effects. Although predictive mechanisms certainly deserve a lot more attention than they have received in the past, the author argues here that prediction and control must necessarily work together to build a flexible and effective motor system. 相似文献
233.
Pereira MG Volchan E de Souza GG Oliveira L Campagnoli RR Pinheiro WM Pessoa L 《Emotion (Washington, D.C.)》2006,6(4):622-634
We investigated how viewing task-irrelevant emotional pictures affects the performance of a subsequent nonemotional visual detection task. Subjects performed target-detection trials following the offset of individual unpleasant, pleasant, and neutral pictures. Sustained interference occurred when subjects viewed unpleasant pictures (mutilated bodies) in a sequential, "blocked" fashion. Such slowing down of reaction time appeared to build up with time, consistent with the instatement of a defensive emotional state. With a randomized picture presentation, only a transient interference effect was observed, consistent with increased attentional demands during the processing of unpleasant pictures. During blocked presentation of affiliative pleasant pictures, reaction times were faster, suggesting the activation of appetitive motivational systems. Ultimately, both attentional and motivational systems are intricately tied in the brain and, together, determine behavior. 相似文献
234.
Peter D. Patrick Ph.D. Reinaldo B. Oriá Ph.D. Vandana Madhavan M.D. Relana C. Pinkerton Ph.D. Breyette Lorntz Ph.D. Aldo A. M. Lima M.D. Ph.D. 《Child neuropsychology》2013,19(3):233-244
The effects of heavy burdens of diarrhea in the first 2 years of life on specific executive control function like verbal fluency are not well understood. In previous studies, we have shown associations of early childhood diarrhea (ECD) with nonverbal intelligence and school functioning. Therefore, we postulated that ECD might affect early neuropsychological development leading to long-term deficits in normal cognitive development. Based on our extensive 14-year prospective cohort studies of early childhood diarrheal illnesses in a Brazilian shantytown community, we examined ECD correlations between specific impairments of higher mental function and executive skills in shantytown children 5–10 years later (now at 6–12) years of age. Specifically we examined whether heavy diarrheal illnesses correlate with reduced performance on selected tests of executive function. Our study, for the first time, suggests a disproportional impairment in semantic but not phonetic fluency in a subset of children with heavy burdens of diarrhea in their first 2 years of life even when controlling for maternal education, breastfeeding, and child schooling. Similar semantic decrements have been associated with impaired recovery from brain injury. These exploratory studies suggest the importance of verbal fluency tests to assess executive functioning in children challenged by poor nutrition and diarrhea in early life. In addition, our unique findings show the potential influences of early childhood diarrhea on language development that is so critical to productive adulthood and potentially set a foundation for new neuropsychological approaches, which assess early burdens of enteric illnesses on childhood development. 相似文献
235.
Luis R.G. Oliveira 《Australasian journal of philosophy》2015,93(2):389-394
Paul Silva has recently argued that doxastic justification does not have a basing requirement. An important part of his argument depends crucially on the assumption that doxastic and moral permissibility have a parallel structure. I here reply to Silva's argument by challenging this crucial assumption. I claim that moral permissibility is an agential notion, while doxastic permissibility is not. I then briefly explore the nature of these notions and briefly consider their implications for praise and blame. 相似文献
236.
Will to live in older people's medical decisions: immediate and delayed effects of aging stereotypes
Sibila Marques Maria Luísa Lima Dominic Abrams Hannah Swift 《Journal of applied social psychology》2014,44(6):399-408
This research explores the duration of age stereotype priming effects on individuals' will to live when faced with a medical terminal illness decision. Study 1 established the content of the stereotype of the older age group in Portugal. Study 2 tested the effects of priming positive or negative age stereotypes on older and younger individuals' will to live, immediately after priming or after a delay. Results showed significant effects of stereotype valence on older people's will to live. As expected, immediate and delayed will‐to‐live scores were both lower in the negative than in the positive condition. In contrast, among younger people there were no significant effects of stereotype valence. These findings demonstrate the robustness of these types of unconscious influences on older people's fundamental decisions. 相似文献
237.
238.
Brendan J. Morse Justin M. Weinhardt Rodger W. Griffeth Manoela Ziebell de Oliveira 《International Journal of Selection & Assessment》2014,22(2):139-148
Perceived employment alternatives have been shown to add incremental variance in understanding voluntary turnover as well as factors related to recruiting and staffing. The Employment Opportunity Index (EOI) is a multidimensional assessment of perceived employment alternatives that has exhibited predictive validity across multiple job types and populations. This study assessed the measurement invariance of the EOI in American, Mexican, and Brazilian professionals. We found support for configural and metric invariance in all five dimensions of the EOI with these populations, and support for scalar invariance three of the five EOI dimensions. The construct validity of the EOI appears to be relatively robust in Latin American populations, although cultural and macroeconomic factors may impose some response bias in these groups. 相似文献
239.
de Lima Jorge Ávila Sousa Áurea Medeiros Angélica Misturada Beatriz Novo Cátia 《Journal of Academic Ethics》2022,20(2):147-168
Journal of Academic Ethics - Previous research has shown that student plagiarism is the product of interplay between individual and situational factors. The present study examined the relationship... 相似文献
240.
Posture-related affordances guide attacks in basketball 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Pedro T. Esteves Rita F. de Oliveira Duarte Araújo 《Psychology of sport and exercise》2011,12(6):639-644