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161.
Digital disruption? Maternal mobile device use is related to infant social‐emotional functioning 下载免费PDF全文
Sarah Myruski Olga Gulyayeva Samantha Birk Koraly Pérez‐Edgar Kristin A. Buss Tracy A. Dennis‐Tiwary 《Developmental science》2018,21(4)
Mobile device use has become increasingly prevalent, yet its impact on infant development remains largely unknown. When parents use mobile devices in front of infants, the parent is physically present but most likely distracted and unresponsive. Research using the classic Still Face Paradigm (SFP) suggests that parental withdrawal and unresponsiveness may have negative consequences for children's social‐emotional development. In the present study, 50 infants aged 7.20 to 23.60 months (M = 15.40, SD = 4.74) and their mothers completed a modified SFP. The SFP consisted of three phases: free play (FP; parent and infant play and interact), still face (SF; parent withdraws attention and becomes unresponsive), and reunion (RU; parent resumes normal interaction). The modified SFP incorporated mobile device use in the SF phase. Parents reported on their typical mobile device use and infant temperament. Consistent with the standard SFP, infants showed more negative affect and less positive affect during SF versus FP. Infants also showed more toy engagement and more engagement with mother during FP versus SF and RU. Infants showed the most social bids during SF and more room exploration in SF than RU. More frequent reported mobile device use was associated with less room exploration and positive affect during SF, and less recovery (i.e., engagement with mother, room exploration positive affect) during RU, even when controlling for individual differences in temperament. Findings suggest that the SFP represents a promising theoretical framework for understanding the impact of parent's mobile device use on infant social‐emotional functioning and parent–infant interactions. 相似文献
162.
Hannah B. Bayne Jonathan Impellizzeri Rebecca E. Michel Olga Dietlin Katie Aafjes van Doorn 《Counseling and values》2020,65(2):137-154
Political identity represents a salient component of counselor and client identity tied to one's values and beliefs. The 2016 U.S. presidential election has been viewed as an especially divisive political environment that may have heightened emotion and elevated personal and collective political identities to new levels of awareness. We present findings from a consensual qualitative research study exploring personal and relational impacts of the election and discuss participants' (N = 16) strategies for relationship maintenance. 相似文献
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Whitfield Tim Barnhofer Thorsten Acabchuk Rebecca Cohen Avi Lee Michael Schlosser Marco Arenaza-Urquijo Eider M. Böttcher Adriana Britton Willoughby Coll-Padros Nina Collette Fabienne Chételat Gaël Dautricourt Sophie Demnitz-King Harriet Dumais Travis Klimecki Olga Meiberth Dix Moulinet Inès Müller Theresa Parsons Elizabeth Sager Lauren Sannemann Lena Scharf Jodi Schild Ann-Katrin Touron Edelweiss Wirth Miranka Walker Zuzana Moitra Ethan Lutz Antoine Lazar Sara W. Vago David Marchant Natalie L. 《Neuropsychology review》2022,32(3):677-702
Neuropsychology Review - Mindfulness-based programs (MBPs) are increasingly utilized to improve mental health. Interest in the putative effects of MBPs on cognitive function is also growing. This... 相似文献
166.
A longitudinal study of school adjustment in urban,minority adolescents: Effects of a high school transition program 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Olga Reyes Karen Gillock Kimberly Kobus 《American journal of community psychology》1994,22(3):341-369
Described an intervention program designed to prepare elementary school (K-8) eighth-grade students for their transition to
high school the following year. Participants in the study were 145, predominantly Hispanic, inner-city public school adolescents.
The experimental group received an augmented condition, consisting of Education and Peer Support Components. The control group
received a minimal condition consisting of only the Education Component. While no group effects were observed, time effects
indicated experimental and control students' improved perceptions of school readiness, but deteriorated perceptions of support
from both home and school and diminished grade-point averages and attendance. Time effects also revealed variable changes
in school perceptions. Findings are discussed in terms of a developmental perspective of the school transition process. Implications
for high school transition programming with the target population and directions for future research are also addressed. 相似文献
167.
The present study examined whether and in what ways psychopathy is associated with abnormal moral intuitions among criminal offenders. Using Haidt et al.’s Moral Foundations Questionnaire, 222 adult male offenders assessed for clinical psychopathy reported their degree of support for five moral domains: Harm Prevention, Fairness, Respect for Authority, Ingroup Loyalty, and Purity/Sanctity. As predicted, psychopathy total score explained a substantial proportion of the variance in reduced support for Harm Prevention and Fairness, but not the other domains. These results confirm that psychopathy entails a discrete set of moral abnormalities and suggest that these abnormalities could potentially help to explain the characteristic antisocial behavior of individuals with psychopathy. 相似文献
168.
Szatkowska I Szymańska O Marchewka A Soluch P Rymarczyk K 《Neurobiology of learning and memory》2011,96(2):385-391
Several findings from both human neuroimaging and nonhuman primate studies suggest that the posterior medial orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) may be critical for the motivational control of goal-directed behavior. The present study was conducted to clarify the role of the left and right posterior medial OFC in that function by examining the effects of focal unilateral lesions to this region on the performance on an incentive working memory task. The study covered patients who had undergone surgery for an ACoA aneurysm and normal control subjects (C). The patients were subdivided into three groups: those with resection of the left (LGR+) or right (RGR+) posterior part of the gyrus rectus, and without such a resection (GR−). Participants performed a 2-back working memory task under three motivational conditions (penalty, reward, and no-incentive). The C group performed worse in the penalty condition and better in the reward condition as compared to the no-incentive condition. Similar results were obtained for the GR− group. Performance of the LGR+ group did not depend on incentive manipulations, whereas the RGR+ group performed better in both the penalty and reward conditions than in the no-incentive condition. The results show that the posterior medial OFC is involved in the motivational modulation of working memory performance. Our findings also suggest that the left posterior medial OFC plays a crucial role in this function, whereas the right posterior medial OFC is particularly involved in the processing of the punishing aspect of salient events and it probably mediates in guiding behavior on the basis of negative outcomes of action. 相似文献
169.
Reneerkens OA Rutten K Akkerman S Blokland A Shaffer CL Menniti FS Steinbusch HW Prickaerts J 《Neurobiology of learning and memory》2012,97(4):370-379
A promising target for memory improvement is phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5), which selectively hydrolyzes cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP). In rodents, PDE5 inhibitors (PDE5-Is) have been shown to improve memory performance in many behavioral paradigms. However, it is questioned whether the positive effects in animal studies result from PDE5 inhibition in the central nervous system or the periphery. Therefore, we studied the effects of PDE5 inhibition on memory and determined whether compound penetration of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is required for this activity. Two selective PDE5-Is, vardenafil and UK-343,664, were tested in the object recognition task (ORT) in both a MK-801- and scopolamine-induced memory deficit model, and a time-delay model without pharmacological intervention. Compounds were dosed 30 min before the learning trial of the task. To determine if the PDE5-Is crossed the BBB, their concentrations were determined in plasma and brain tissue collected 30 min after oral administration. Vardenafil improved object recognition memory in all three variants of the ORT. UK-343,664 was ineffective at either preventing MK-801-induced memory disruption or time-dependent memory decay. However, UK-343,664 attenuated the memory impairment of scopolamine. Vardenafil crossed the BBB whereas UK-343,664 did not. Further, co-administration of UK-343,664 and scopolamine did not alter the brain partitioning of either molecule. This suggests that the positive effect of UK-343,664 on scopolamine-induced memory decay might arise from peripheral PDE5 inhibition. The results herein suggest that there may be multiple mechanisms that mediate the efficacy of PDE5 inhibition to improve memory performance in tasks such as the ORT and that these involve PDE5 located both within and outside of the brain. To further elucidate the underlying mechanisms, the cellular and subcellular localization of PDE5 needs to be determined. 相似文献
170.
Helena García-Llana Eduardo Remor Gloria del Peso Olga Celadilla Rafael Selgas 《Journal of clinical psychology in medical settings》2014,21(1):103-115
Low rates of adherence to medical treatments and adverse emotional states are a widespread problem in advanced chronic kidney disease (ACKD). Motivational interviewing using the stages of change model is an effective combination in promoting behavior modifications. The objective of the present study was to determine the effectiveness of an individual, pre-dialysis intervention program (monthly sessions of 90 min over a 6-month period) in terms of adherence, emotional state and health-related quality of life (HRQL). Forty-two patients were evaluated for adherence, depression, anxiety and HRQL with standardized self-report questionnaires. Biochemical markers were also registered. The results show that after the intervention, patients reported significantly higher levels of adherence, lower depression and anxiety levels, and better HRQL (i.e., general health and emotional role domains). Biochemical parameters were controlled significantly better after the intervention, except for iPTH. These findings highlight the potential benefit of applying individual psycho-educational intervention programs based on motivational interviewing and using the stages of change model to promote adherence and wellbeing in ACKD patients. 相似文献