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181.
182.
Subjective Well-Being of Beijing Taxi Drivers 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
This study investigates subjective well-being among a sample of Beijing taxi drivers in the lead up to the 2008 Beijing Olympic
Games using the Personal Wellbeing Index (PWI). The specific aims of this study are (a) investigate the psychometric properties
of the PWI in this unique population; (b) ascertain whether Beijing taxi drivers are satisfied with their lives; and (c) examine
whether the responses to the PWI from participants falls within the narrow range predicted by the ‘Theory of Subjective Wellbeing
Homeostasis’. The PWI demonstrated good psychometric properties and was consistent with previous studies for Western and non-Western
samples. The data revealed a moderate level of subjective well-being (PWI score = 61.1). While Beijing taxi drivers work long
hours for low wages, the PWI was nonetheless within the normative range predicted for Chinese societies by the ‘Theory of
Subjective Wellbeing Homeostasis’. The results suggest that the homeostatic mechanism is fairly resilient, even when the individual
leads relatively a hard life based on objective indicators. Specifically, for Beijing taxi drivers, it appears that external,
buffers such as personal relationships and feeling part of the community, act to assist the homeostatic system. 相似文献
183.
José Gutiérrez-Maldonado Marta Ferrer-García Alejandra Caqueo-Urízar Alex Letosa-Porta 《Cyberpsychology & behavior》2006,9(5):507-513
The aim of this study was to assess the usefulness of virtual environments representing situations that are emotionally significant to subjects with eating disorders (ED). These environments may be applied with both evaluative and therapeutic aims and in simulation procedures to carry out a range of experimental studies. This paper is part of a wider research project analyzing the influence of the situation to which subjects are exposed on their performance on body image estimation tasks. Thirty female patients with eating disorders were exposed to six virtual environments: a living-room (neutral situation), a kitchen with high-calorie food, a kitchen with low-calorie food, a restaurant with high-calorie food, a restaurant with low-calorie food, and a swimming-pool. After exposure to each environment the STAI-S (a measurement of state anxiety) and the CDB (a measurement of depression) were administered to all subjects. The results show that virtual reality instruments are particularly useful for simulating everyday situations that may provoke emotional reactions such as anxiety and depression, in patients with ED. Virtual environments in which subjects are obliged to ingest high-calorie food provoke the highest levels of state anxiety and depression. 相似文献
184.
Robin Martin Yves Guillaume Geoff Thomas Allan Lee Olga Epitropaki 《Personnel Psychology》2016,69(1):67-121
This paper reports a meta‐analysis that examines the relationship between leader–member exchange (LMX) relationship quality and a multidimensional model of work performance (task, citizenship, and counterproductive performance). The results show a positive relationship between LMX and task performance (146 samples, ρ = .30) as well as citizenship performance (97 samples, ρ = .34), and negatively with counterproductive performance (19 samples, ρ = ?.24). Of note, there was a positive relationship between LMX and objective task performance (20 samples, ρ = .24). Trust, motivation, empowerment, and job satisfaction mediated the relationship between LMX and task and citizenship performance with trust in the leader having the largest effect. There was no difference due to LMX measurement instrument (e.g., LMX7, LMX‐MDM). Overall, the relationship between LMX and performance was weaker when (a) measures were obtained from a different source or method and (b) LMX was measured by the follower than the leader (with common source‐ and method‐biased effects stronger for leader‐rated LMX quality). Finally, there was evidence for LMX leading to task performance but not for reverse or reciprocal directions of effects. 相似文献
185.
Mariane?KrauseEmail author Olga María?Fernández Barbara?Br?utigam 《Psychotherapeut》2015,60(5):419-425
Background
This study investigated the effectiveness of therapeutic processes with adolescents depending on (1) the quality of the therapeutic relationship, (2) generic change indicators and (3) the appearance of specific forms of communication in the initial phase of therapeutic processes. The study concentrated on investigation of the first three initial therapy sessions and was interested in the possible association of these three variables with positive outcomes and in the young patients remaining in therapy.Material and methods
A total of 20 therapeutic processes, which took place in Santiago de Chile, were examined. Participants were 15 female and 5 male adolescents between 13 and 17 years old and suffering from different psychological disorders. The Chilean version of Horvath’s working alliance inventory, Generic Change Indicators, the Therapeutic Activity Coding System (TACS), Lambert’s outcome questionnaire OQ-45.2 and adherence in terms of completing or not completing therapy were used to assess process and outcome variables.Results
The three variables measured in the initial phase of therapy with adolescents, i.e. therapeutic alliance, generic change indicators and communicative actions showed a relationship with the therapeutic results in terms of adherence to therapy as well as outcome.Discussion
The results indicate the necessity of a greater inclusion of the perspective of adolescents in the therapeutic process.186.
Michal Olszanowski Olga Katarzyna Kaminska Piotr Winkielman 《Cognition & emotion》2018,32(5):1032-1051
Facial features that resemble emotional expressions influence key social evaluations, including trust. Here, we present four experiments testing how the impact of such expressive features is qualified by their processing difficulty. We show that faces with mixed expressive features are relatively devalued, and faces with pure expressive features are relatively valued. This is especially true when participants first engage in a categorisation task that makes processing of mixed expressions difficult and pure expressions easy. Critically, we also demonstrate that the impact of categorisation fluency depends on the specific nature of the expressive features. When faces vary on valence (i.e. sad to happy), trust judgments increase with their positivity, but also depend on fluency. When faces vary on social motivation (i.e. angry to sad), trust judgments increase with their approachability, but remain impervious to disfluency. This suggests that people intelligently use fluency to make judgments on valence-relevant judgment dimensions – but not when faces can be judged using other relevant criteria, such as motivation. Overall, the findings highlight that key social impressions (like trust) are flexibly constructed from inputs related to stimulus features and processing experience. 相似文献
187.
Kevin Daniels Sara Connolly Chidiebere Ogbonnaya Olga Tregaskis Mark L. Bryan Anna Robinson-Pant 《British Journal of Guidance & Counselling》2018,46(4):492-511
Recent policy initiatives in the UK have heightened the degree to which wellbeing can be considered a political construct: The acceptance of different policy options for wellbeing depends on the extent to which those options are responsive to popular wellbeing concerns. Drawing on the views of over 400 people gathered through a variety of methods and across the UK, we outline different stakeholder views of what wellbeing is and the priorities that stakeholders believe should be addressed to improve wellbeing. We draw out the implications for reframing policy debates around wellbeing, the practice of career guidance, academic debates around identified wellbeing priorities, and the best means of developing a policy and a practice-oriented and stakeholder-responsive approach to researching wellbeing. 相似文献
188.
189.
Pace Ugo D’Urso Giulio Zappulla Carla Di Maggio Rosanna Aznar Melina Aparici Vilageliu Olga Soler Muscarà Marinella 《Journal of child and family studies》2022,31(1):220-227
Journal of Child and Family Studies - In the current study we investigated the relationship between ethnic prejudice and resilience and the perception of inclusion of immigrant students among... 相似文献
190.
This study examines the effect of justice sensitivity on the life satisfaction and job‐seeking behavior of unemployed individuals and considers the likelihood of experiencing long‐term unemployment. We focus on two facets of dispositional justice sensitivity that reflect individual differences in perception and reactions to perpetrating injustice against others (perpetrator sensitivity) or suffering from the injustice of others as an innocent victim (victim sensitivity). We hypothesised that the negative effect of unemployment on life satisfaction is stronger among individuals with higher levels of victim sensitivity and perpetrator sensitivity. The former are more likely to perceive themselves as victims of an unjust situation, such as fate or the employer's decisions, whereas the latter are more likely to perceive themselves as perpetrators against the rules of social justice. Using survey data from approximately 400 participants, we found that unemployed individuals were less satisfied with life than employed individuals and that this relationship was stronger for perpetrator‐sensitive individuals. Unemployed perpetrator‐sensitive individuals were more likely to engage in active job‐seeking behavior and faced a lower likelihood of long‐term unemployment. The results are discussed in terms of the importance of justice‐related personality aspects of unemployed individuals for their well‐being and labor market outcomes. 相似文献