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341.
Affect integration, or the capacity to utilize the motivational and signal properties of affect for personal adjustment, is assumed to be an important aspect of psychological health and functioning. Affect integration has been operationalized through the affect consciousness (AC) construct as degrees of awareness, tolerance, nonverbal expression, and conceptual expression of nine discrete affects. A semistructured Affect Consciousness Interview (ACI) and separate Affect Consciousness Scales (ACSs) have been developed to specifically assess these aspects of affect integration. This study explored the construct validity of AC in a Norwegian clinical sample including estimates of reliability and assessment of structure by factor analyses. External validity issues were addressed by examining the relationships between scores on the ACSs and self-rated symptom- and interpersonal problem measures as well as independent, observer-based ratings of personality disorder criteria and the Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) scale from the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed. [DSM-IV]; American Psychiatric Association, 1994). 相似文献
342.
343.
Jensen CG Vangkilde S Frokjaer V Hasselbalch SG 《Journal of experimental psychology. General》2012,141(1):106-123
Improvements in attentional performance are at the core of proposed mechanisms for stress reduction in mindfulness meditation practices. However, this claim can be questioned because no previous studies have actively manipulated test effort in control groups and controlled for effects of stress reduction per se. In a blinded design, 48 young, healthy meditation novices were randomly assigned to a mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR), nonmindfulness stress reduction (NMSR), or inactive control group. At posttest, inactive controls were randomly split into nonincentive and incentive controls, the latter receiving a financial reward to improve attentional performance. Pre- and postintervention, 5 validated attention paradigms were employed along with self-report scales on mindfulness and perceived stress and saliva cortisol samples to measure physiological stress. Attentional effects of MBSR, NMSR, and the financial incentive were comparable or significantly larger in the incentive group on all reaction-time-based measures. However, selective attention in the MBSR group improved significantly more than in any other group. Similarly, only the MBSR intervention improved the threshold for conscious perception and visual working memory capacity. Furthermore, stress-reducing effects of MBSR were supported because those in the MBSR group showed significantly less perceived and physiological stress while increasing their mindfulness levels significantly. We argue that MBSR may contribute uniquely to attentional improvements but that further research focusing on non-reaction-time-based measures and outcomes less confounded by test effort is needed. Critically, our data demonstrate that previously observed improvements of attention after MBSR may be seriously confounded by test effort and nonmindfulness stress reduction. 相似文献
344.
Jensen K 《The Behavioral and brain sciences》2012,35(1):30-31
Guala appears to take social preferences for granted in his discussion of reciprocity experiments. While he does not overtly claim that social preferences are only by-products that arise in testing environments, he does assert that whatever they are--and how they evolved--they have little value in the real world. Experiments on animals suggest that social preferences may be unique to humans, supporting the idea that they might play a prominent role in our world. 相似文献
345.
Wu J King KM Witkiewitz K Racz SJ McMahon RJ;Conduct Problems Prevention Research Group 《心理评价》2012,24(2):444-454
Research has shown that boys display higher levels of childhood conduct problems than girls, and Black children display higher levels than White children, but few studies have tested for scalar equivalence of conduct problems across gender and race. The authors conducted a 2-parameter item response theory (IRT) model to examine item characteristics of the Authority Acceptance scale from the Teacher Observation of Classroom Adaptation-Revised (AA-TOCA-R; L. Larsson-Werthamer, S. G. Kellam, & L. Wheeler, 1991) in 8,820 kindergarten children and estimated the degree of differential item functioning (DIF) by gender and race/urban status. The mean level of latent conduct problems was best represented by behaviors such as being stubborn, breaking rules, and being disobedient, whereas breaking things and taking others' property best represented the construct at one standard deviation above the mean. DIF by gender was detected, such that at equivalent levels of latent conduct problems, males received more endorsements of overt behaviors from teachers, whereas females received more endorsements of nonphysical behaviors. Moreover, overt behaviors were better discriminators of latent conduct problems for males, and nonphysical behaviors were better discriminators of latent conduct problems for females. Differences across race/urban status were not found to be conceptually meaningful. The authors' analyses also suggest that the item scaling of the AA-TOCA-R may be best represented by 5e categories instead of 6. These findings provide support for the use of IRT modeling to examine item characteristics of conduct problem scales and DIF to test for scalar equivalence across diverse subpopulations. 相似文献
346.
How do parents support their children after a high-impact disaster? To answer this question, face-to-face interviews were
conducted with 51 Norwegian parents. These parents and children were all severely exposed to the trauma of the tsunami disaster.
The analyses show how parents interpret their children’s signs of distress, as well as their own strategies of support in
the aftermath. The main strategies described by the parents were watchful waiting, careful monitoring of the children’s reactions
and a sensitive timing when providing support. Such monitoring, and interpretation of signs of distress, served as an aid
for the parents in determining what needs their children had and what support they therefore needed to provide. A range of
support strategies were employed, including re-establishing a sense of safety, resuming normal roles and routines, and talking
to their children. Parents who were themselves severely impacted by the disaster reported a reduced ability to assess their
children’s reactions and thereby were unable to provide optimal care in the aftermath. Interestingly, the parents’ support
strategies mirror the early intervention recommendations put forward in the NICE guidelines and in the Psychological First
Aid guidelines which is a well accepted and promising practice for helping children after disasters. 相似文献
347.
Hanne Louise Jensen 《Emotion, Space and Society》2012,5(3):201-206
The overall aim of this paper is to discuss how including, and stressing, emotions in research enables us to understand the experience of commuting as an everyday practice that has more meaning than a journey from A to B. The paper shows how emotions are practiced and produced while commuting, and how these emotions are crucial for the production of social space onboard trains. In doing so it draws on ethnographical research conducted while following various commuting communities and individual commuters. The paper concludes that the emotional practice of commuting produces an ever changing space where the practices of commuting with all their variations fill and add to lives on board and outside of the train. 相似文献
348.
The goal of this paper is to present possible change in quality of life (QoL) in older sample of people with vision disturbances.
The patients were investigated twice: before (N = 193) and 4 month after the cataract surgery (N = 69), by means of the scale for vision functioning, and the Life Quality Questionnaire (Schalock & Keith, 1993) extend with the items measuring health related quality of life (HRQoL). Two problems were formulated: To what extent are
visual defects associated with the decreased subjective QoL? What changes are observed in perceived QoL during the period
of treatment of visual defects? The patients reported significant increase of HRQoL, however they did not report similar increase
of a general QoL. Few reasons are considered: overlapping of the content of visual function scales and HRQoL and different
indices of a general QoL and HRQoL, lack of a proper postoperative care, low socio-economic status of the participants, and
too high expectation concerning better functioning after the surgery. 相似文献
349.
市场、伦理文化与医疗决策的评估 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Ole Doering 《医学与哲学(人文社会医学版)》2006,27(1):31-32
因医疗日益商业化使得医疗决策成为医疗实践中的首要问题.市场本身不能有效地规范企业(医院)的行为.一个组织的文化会影响到个体职业者做出合乎伦理的决定.对伦理氛围的关注的是解决保健体制道德问题的关键. 相似文献
350.