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831.
Pol A. C. van Lier Frank Vitaro Edward D. Barker Hans M. Koot Richard E. Tremblay 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》2009,37(4):481-492
Differences in developmental trajectories of physical violence, vandalism, theft, and alcohol-drug use from ages 10 to 15
were studied. For females and for males, three trajectories of theft and of alcohol-drug use increased from 10 years to 15 years,
while only the high trajectory of vandalism increased from ten to 14. All trajectories of physical violence decreased. Children
who engaged in the high trajectories of vandalism, theft, and alcohol-drug use had a high probability of also being high in
physical violence. Compared to males, females were less likely to be on the high trajectory of physical violence, and their
trajectories of other antisocial behaviors were less strongly associated with high levels of physical violence. The results
suggest that physical violence during pre-adolescence and adolescence has a different developmental pattern than other forms
of antisocial behavior, and that its relation to these other forms of antisocial behavior differs by sex. 相似文献
832.
Development of achievement-related motives in young athletes is believed to be influenced by the motivational climate created
by coaches. In a longitudinal multilevel design utilizing 47 youth basketball teams, coach-initiated motivational climate
was used to predict changes in 9–13 year old athletes’ achievement goal orientations over the course of a season. Mastery
climate scores on the Motivational Climate Scale for Youth Sports were associated with significant increases in mastery goal
orientation and decreases in ego orientation scores on the Achievement Goal Scale for Youth Sports. Ego motivational climate
scores were significantly related to increases in ego goal orientation scores. These relations were not influenced by athletes’
age or gender. Intraclass correlations indicated low within-team consensus in athletes’ motivational climate scores, suggesting
an individual- rather than team-level perceptual construct. These and other findings indicate that achievement goal orientation
research can be extended downward to children below the age of 11.
相似文献
Ronald E. SmithEmail: |
833.
834.
Frank Hindriks 《Erkenntnis》2009,71(2):253-275
It is a commonplace within philosophy that the ontology of institutions can be captured in terms of constitutive rules. What
exactly such rules are, however, is not well understood. They are usually contrasted to regulative rules: constitutive rules
(such as the rules of chess) make institutional actions possible, whereas regulative rules (such as the rules of etiquette)
pertain to actions that can be performed independently of such rules. Some, however, maintain that the distinction between
regulative and constitutive rules is merely a linguistic one. In this paper I present the status account of constitutive rules
in order to address this criticism. According to the status account constitutive rules pertain to institutional statuses and
statuses are to be understood in terms of status rules. Status rules concern the enabling and constraining roles of institutions,
and constitutive rules specify the preconditions that have to be met in order for them to play these roles. Even though I
end up endorsing the claim that the distinction mentioned is a linguistic one, I go on to argue that there is an underlying
reality that constitutive rules serve to make apparent.
相似文献
Frank HindriksEmail: |
835.
Karen Ostrov Jerome Dowling David O. Wesner Frank K. Johnson 《Infant mental health journal》1982,3(3):162-173
Infant psychotherapy, in which the mother is requested to follow the baby's activities without initiating or directing, is described. Mothers demonstrate different styles of involvement with their infants: a protective mode, a prohibitive mode, a competitive mode, and other ways of interfering with their infants' tendency to explore the environment. Attempts to analyze such factors as position, distance and movement are discussed. Research for recording and analyzing the movement of infant and mother dyads is proposed. 相似文献
836.
Tiffany Field Nitza Vega-Lahr Frank Scafidi Sheri Goldstein 《Infant mental health journal》1987,8(1):19-27
Play interactions between 36 college-educated, middle-income, working mothers and their infants, who had attended nursery school since 1 month of age, were videotaped when the infants were 12, 18, and 24 months of age. The videotapes were coded for mother and infant looking at each other, vocalizing, affectionate play, and constructive play. Changes noted in the infants' play behaviors across this period included an increase in infant vocalizations and constructive play and a decrease in affectionate play. These results, together with corresponding decreases in the mothers' constructive and affectionate play behavior, suggest growing autonomy of the infants' play and encouragement of autonomy by the mothers. Stability of behaviors across this period and stability of relations between infant and mother behaviors were only moderate. Comparison of these data with data from a study by Clarke-Stewart and Hevey (1981) suggested greater frequency of interactive behavior among working mothers and their infants than among nonworking mothers and their infants. 相似文献
837.
838.
839.
840.
Nick Kanas M.D. Frank Schoenfeld M.D. Charles R. Marmar M.D. Daniel S. Weiss Ph.D. Paul Koller Ph.D. 《Group》1994,18(2):78-88
Process and content were studied in four 16-session segments of a psychodynamically oriented therapy group for Vietnam veterans suffering from posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). On the Group Climate Questionnaire (GCQ-S), the group scored significantly higher in the Engaged dimension and significantly lower in the Avoiding and Conflict dimensions than contrasting samples of neurotic and psychotic groups. There was no evidence of group stages. Topics related to symptoms of PTSD were discussed most frequently (43.1%), followed by issues concerning relations with others (32.4%),general group therapy issues (13.7%), and other topics (10.8%). Clinical implications of these findings are discussed.The authors thank Tom Metzler, M.A., and Heidi Ronfeldt, B.S., for their assistance with the data analysis.Parts of this paper were presented at the American Group Psychotherapy Association Annual Meeting, February 15–20, 1993, San Diego, CA. 相似文献