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Static movement aftereffects (MAEs) were measured after adaptation to vertical square-wave luminance gratings drifting horizontally within a central window in a surrounding stationary vertical grating. The relationship between the stationary test grating and the surround was manipulated by varying the alignment of the stationary stripes in the window and those in the surround, and the type of outline separating the window and the surround [no outline, black outline (invisible on black stripes), and red outline (visible throughout its length)]. Offsetting the stripes in the window significantly increased both the duration and ratings of the strength of MAEs. Manipulating the outline had no significant effect on either measure of MAE strength. In a second experiment, in which the stationary test fields alone were presented, participants judged how segregated the test field appeared from its surround. In contrast to the MAE measures, outline as well as offset contributed to judged segregation. In a third experiment, in which test-stripe offset was systematically manipulated, segregation ratings rose with offset. However, MAE strength was greater at medium than at either small or large (180 degrees phase shift) offsets. The effects of these manipulations on the MAE are interpreted in terms of a spatial mechanism which integrates motion signals along collinear contours of the test field and surround, and so causes a reduction of motion contrast at the edges of the test field. 相似文献
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Allen Oakley 《Human Studies》2000,23(3):243-260
Over the years, a number of interpreters with an interest in economics have given some attention the work of Alfred Schutz. As intimated in this literature, the orientation of his delimited thought on economics stemmed from contacts with the Austrian school during his Vienna years. Probably because of this connection, there exists among these interpreters an inclination uncritically to align Schutz with the Austrians' thought. What will be argued in this paper is that in adopting such an uncritical position, each of these readings fails adequately to situate Schutz's critique of economic analyses within the framework of his own social theory. It will become apparent that his treatment of economics turned out to be a mixture of defence and critique, and that his interpretation of the subject and the intellectual status he ascribed to it were considerably more ambivalent and ambiguous than has been noticed. In particular, Schutz expressed significant reservations about the highly circumscribed and artificial depictions of the world of human action that some economists espoused, especially within the confines of marginalist theory. When arraigned against the phenomenology of the life-world that he had developed, and against the "postulates" around which he had constructed his social theory, much of extant economics did not meet the requirements of a properly grounded social science. 相似文献
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Influence and persuasion are related, fundamental constructs in interpersonal communication. Both display the relationship qualities of interdependence, bidirectionality, reciprocity, and multiple levels of analysis. Yet, empirical validation of these relationship qualities is lacking, largely due to an absence of appropriate methods and statistical procedures. This article uses the family social relations model (SRM) to test for the personal relationship qualities of influence and persuasion in the family decision‐making context of buying a new car. New relationship measures of influence and persuasion were developed because, historically, measures have been at the individual level. The sample size of 110 families proved sufficient for stable parameter estimates. The results uncovered patterns in the relationship qualities of influence and persuasion across 3 decisions families make when buying a new car (i.e., how much to spend, car model choice, final decision). The findings confirm that both influence and persuasion are truly relational. The novel use of the model across decisions allowed the patterns of relationships among family members to be compared, and demonstrated the importance of the relationship qualities of influence and persuasion in decision making. Predictions were examined across decisions as well so as to check the consistency of hypotheses. The results provide further insight into the meaning of influence and persuasion, and of SRM terms. 相似文献
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Judith Worell Doris Stilwell Danielle Oakley Damon Robinson 《Psychology of women quarterly》1999,23(4):797-811
This study assesses the multiple effects of planned exposure to gender and women's issues on graduate student development. Students in a gender-aware Counseling Psychology program (n = 63) were compared to those in two other graduate psychology programs (total n = 38) on five scales that measured exposure to gender issues, social constructivist views, feminist identity development, performance self-esteem, and endorsement of feminist therapy goals and strategies. Results supported the hypotheses that all outcome measures were significantly correlated with the extent of academic experiences related to women and gender. Program of concentration and level of graduate training were differentially related to social construction views and stages of feminist identity development. We discuss these findings in terms of their implications for gender-aware education in the development of student identity, attitudes, and professional practice. 相似文献
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临床检验专业已成为独立的学科,微生物检验对临床抗感染合理用药具有指导意义.微生物检验实习生需通过完善知识结构,强化专业技术实践,加强临床合作,积极参与病例讨论,加强师生之间沟通,以及沟通技巧的学习,促进临床沟通能力的培养. 相似文献