右美托咪定在全身麻醉中的应用

介绍右美托咪定在全身麻醉各个阶段中的应用.通过归纳总结近年来国内外相关文献,分别从麻醉诱导、麻醉维持、麻醉苏醒期三个阶段来阐述右美托咪定的不同作用.结果右美托咪定具有剂量依赖性的镇静、镇痛、抗焦虑、抗涎、交感神经抑制、对呼吸影响小、保护脏器等作用.右美托咪定优点多,副作用少,是全身麻醉的理想辅助用药.     

表达形式影响自我积极偏向的表现:来自P200的证据

该研究运用事件相关电位技术,采用肯定和否定的表达方式呈现自我参照任务,探讨不同表达方式对自我积极偏向效应的影响。实验一中,行为数据显示,自我积极偏向效应表现的并不完整;ERP数据显示,P200波幅的结果与行为数据结果相一致。实验二中,行为数据显示,自我积极偏向效应表现得完整;ERP数据显示,P200成分上并未产生任何实验效应。综合两个实验结果,证明了不同表达方式对自我积极偏向效应的表现存在影响。导致这种差异的根本原因可能在于两种表达方式造成的注意资源不同。     

The Argumentative Reconstruction of Multimodal Discourse, Taking the ABC Coverage of President Hu Jintao’s Visit to the USA as an Example

This paper addresses the question how to analyze multimodal public discourse in such a way that the resulting reconstruction of the rhetor’s accountability either obliges the rhetor to acknowledge the argumentative reconstruction as valid or to refute its validity in a meta-discussion. This is a challenge for discourse theory as well as for argument theory because multimodal discourse seems far removed from the ‘standard’ propositional format of an argument. We argue that multimodal discourse should be analyzed as a coherent and relevant discourse, assuming the possibility of instant interactions between all modes. We introduce a method that allows us to account for an argumentative reconstruction in a systematic way. We illustrate our method by analyzing the ABC news item titled Hu Jintao Visit: Economics and Panda Bears of January 20, 2011, holding ABC news as a rhetor accountable for several far reaching standpoints that are implied in the multimodal format.     

Relations between Unsociability and Peer Problems in Chinese Children: Moderating Effect of Behavioural Control

Unsociable children are likely to develop adjustment difficulties in Chinese society. The primary goal of the present study was to examine the moderating effect of behavioural control on the relation between unsociability and peer problems in Chinese children. Participants were fourth to eighth grade students in urban China (N = 787). Assessments of unsociability, shyness, peer problems and behavioural control were obtained from peer nominations and teacher ratings. Results indicated that unsociability was positively related to peer problems in Chinese children after controlling for shyness. Also, the relation between unsociability and peer problems was attenuated among children with higher behavioural control. Thus, behavioural control may be a buffering factor that serves to protect unsociable children from developing peer problems. Gender and age also moderated these associations. Results are discussed in terms of the meaning and implications of unsociability and behavioural control in Chinese culture. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

混龄教育对幼儿助人行为的促进作用——来自纵向研究的证据

混龄教育是指将不同年龄阶段和发展水平的幼儿按照一定的模式加以组合,以促进幼儿认知和社会性发展的一种教育方式.为了从实证角度考察混龄教育对幼儿助人行为的影响,本研究采用纵向设计的方法,追踪了40个分别来自混龄教育和同龄教育班级的幼儿.通过设置不同的助人情境,安排不同的受助对象,对比两种教育模式下幼儿的助人行为成绩及前后测成绩的变化.结果发现,幼儿在不同助人情境中的助人行为不存在显著差异;接受过混龄教育的年长幼儿比接受过同龄教育的年长幼儿更倾向于帮助低龄幼儿;混龄教育幼儿后测的助人行为较前测有了显著的提高,同龄教育幼儿的助人行为变化不显著.这表明,混龄教育比同龄教育更能促进幼儿的助人行为发展,这一效应尤其表现在他们对待低龄幼儿的助人行为中.     

Co-speech iconic gestures and visuo-spatial working memory

Three experiments tested the role of verbal versus visuo-spatial working memory in the comprehension of co-speech iconic gestures. In Experiment 1, participants viewed congruent discourse primes in which the speaker's gestures matched the information conveyed by his speech, and incongruent ones in which the semantic content of the speaker's gestures diverged from that in his speech. Discourse primes were followed by picture probes that participants judged as being either related or unrelated to the preceding clip. Performance on this picture probe classification task was faster and more accurate after congruent than incongruent discourse primes. The effect of discourse congruency on response times was linearly related to measures of visuo-spatial, but not verbal, working memory capacity, as participants with greater visuo-spatial WM capacity benefited more from congruent gestures. In Experiments 2 and 3, participants performed the same picture probe classification task under conditions of high and low loads on concurrent visuo-spatial (Experiment 2) and verbal (Experiment 3) memory tasks. Effects of discourse congruency and verbal WM load were additive, while effects of discourse congruency and visuo-spatial WM load were interactive. Results suggest that congruent co-speech gestures facilitate multi-modal language comprehension, and indicate an important role for visuo-spatial WM in these speech–gesture integration processes.     

Educators' implicit perspectives on wisdom: A comparison between interpersonal and intrapersonal perspectives

This research aimed to investigate educators' implicit perspectives on wisdom in order to compare interpersonal and intrapersonal perspectives and to help identify similarities or differences between these two theoretical perspectives. A total of 56 educators in Taiwan were interviewed individually. We utilised the grounded theory method to analyse the qualitative data. Results showed that both interpersonal and intrapersonal perspectives converged on four core components of wisdom: intrapsychic integration, actions in service of problem solving and ideal implementation, positive results and feedback and adjustments. The interpersonal perspective referred to external characteristics, and admiration and influence, whereas the intrapersonal perspective included greater detail about intrapsychic integration and action strategies than did the interpersonal perspective. We close with a discussion both of how wisdom appears to span across different fields and how the present results might feed into the teaching of wisdom in schools.     

住院医师医患沟通的问题及对策

医患沟通是新时代住院医师必须掌握的一门技能,是医学人文精神的体现。然而目前我国住院医师由于专业知识及技术的局限性,对医患沟通的认识存在着偏倚,以及我国医学教育缺乏沟通能力的培养,导致住院医师医患沟通能力缺乏,需要提高改善。本文基于当前医患关系以及住院医师医患沟通能力的现状,探讨为提高医疗服务质量,增进医患之间的相互理解和尊敬,创建和谐医疗关系,积极有效防范医疗纠纷,身为住院医师的我们应做些什么,做到什么。     

A short note on the maximal point‐biserial correlation under non‐normality

The aim of this paper is to derive the maximal point‐biserial correlation under non‐normality. Several widely used non‐normal distributions are considered, namely the uniform distribution, t‐distribution, exponential distribution, and a mixture of two normal distributions. Results show that the maximal point‐biserial correlation, depending on the non‐normal continuous variable underlying the binary manifest variable, may not be a function of p (the probability that the dichotomous variable takes the value 1), can be symmetric or non‐symmetric around p = .5, and may still lie in the range from ?1.0 to 1.0. Therefore researchers should exercise caution when they interpret their sample point‐biserial correlation coefficients based on popular beliefs that the maximal point‐biserial correlation is always smaller than 1, and that the size of the correlation is always further restricted as p deviates from .5.