从《童溪易传》看王宗传的政治哲学观

王宗传以心解《易》,提出人之“扩然大公”之心是万物存在的价值根基,圣人之心是人之“扩然大公”之心的典范,与天地生物之心具有相同的功能.因此在政治上提倡圣贤执政,而圣贤的执政方式便是以其本心化成天下、教化万民,使万民各遂其性.化成天下意味着一种普遍性,这与现实的有限性存在矛盾,因此必须解决两大问题:一是如何处理南宋与敌对外族的关系:二是如何理解朝代与朝代之间更替的断裂性和化成天下的延续性.从中我们可以看出,王氏理论既包容于整体上的宋代政治哲学,又体现出它的独特性.     

Emotional reactions to scandals: When does moral character make a difference?

A scandal can evoke public outrage when it is widely publicized and involves an individual who is perceived to have a high level of cultural representativeness. Two experiments showed that when the scandalous target's moral character was highlighted, emotional responses towards the target were least negative when the scandal was widely circulated and when the target was seen as a representative of his culture. These results suggest that when a cultural symbol is implicated in a widely‐circulated scandal, the negative emotions directed towards the scandalous individual can be alleviated when the public remains confident in his or her commitment to morality.     

文本阅读中数量比较信息整合的过程与内容

引入数量比较信息,采用移动窗口阅读技术对文本阅读中推理的过程与内容进行研究。实验1探讨当文本阅读中存在数量比较信息时,是否能够进行即时整合,实验2和实验3分别探讨了数量比较信息即时整合的过程与内容。结果发现:当文本阅读中存在数量比较信息时,读者能够进行即时的信息整合,这种整合是自下而上的,支持记忆基础文本加工理论,如果时间足够,这种整合能够达到量化程度。     

记叙文阅读中人物第一印象的即时更新

采用移动窗口技术探讨读者在记叙文阅读中是否对人物第一印象进行即时更新。实验1探讨读者在阅读过程中是否会根据第一印象建构人物特征情境模型。实验2探讨已经形成的人物特征情境模型是否会受最近印象的影响得以更新。实验3探讨在明确描述人物特征的情况下,读者是否仍然会更新人物特征情境模型。研究结果表明,记叙文阅读中,读者会对人物第一印象进行即时更新,表现出首因效应向近因效应的转化。     

部分线索效应的作用机制

部分线索效应指让学习者学习一系列材料,在随后的测试阶段,给学习者提供先前学习的部分材料作为提取线索,让学习者回忆剩余的材料,其回忆成绩反而比没有提取线索时回忆成绩差。该效应的经典理论模型主要有组织干扰假说和提取抑制假说。由于它们有许多分歧之处,最近提出的双机制解释试图将二者融合,显示了诸多优势,但同时也存在一些缺陷。对双机制解释的进一步探索应侧重于确定组织干扰的量、探讨部分线索相对持久抑制作用的过程、界定组织干扰假说和提取抑制假说的关系,此外对部分线索效应在实际学习生活中的检验也很重要。     

哪里的天空在下雨？

对于句子“（天）正在下雨”中是否存在着John Perry所称的“未述成分”,以表明下雨地点的这一问题,当代语言哲学各家给出了不同的解答。本文着重分析Stanley反对“未述成分”的两个论证,即“约束论证”和“强生成论证”,试图反驳Stanley的观点。进而表明在言语交流中,“（天）正在下雨”这一语句确实存在着没有明白说出的构成成分,说话者通过运用语用规则来“填充”这一成分。最后,借助Lewis的框架,作者刻画了“未述成分”是如何由语用规则衍生并且限制的。     

交互分析理论对改善人际交往困惑的应用

在心理咨询中,会遇到很多"老好人"来访者,这些老好人因不会拒绝别人而有苦难言。为更好地解决"老好人"式来访者的心理困惑,作者在交互分析理论的"人间游戏"基础上,发展并诠释了一个新的游戏——"老好人游戏"。通过对这一游戏模式的剖析,帮助咨询师充分了解"老好人"的行为模式及其背后的内心状态,对症咨询,真正实现心理咨询"助人自助"的目的。     

The conception of depression in Chinese American college students

The conception of depression in Chinese American college students was examined with the Center for Epidemiologic Studies--Depression Scale (CES-D). It was hypothesized that, because of their significant engagement with mainstream American culture, these students' conception of depression would better approximate White Americans' differentiated view (L. Radloff, 1977) than the general Chinese American community's integrated view (Y. Ying, 1988). A total of 353 bicultural Chinese American college students participated in the study. Consistent with the hypothesis, principal-components factor analysis with varimax rotation revealed a factor structure and loading similar to that found in White American adults. Confirmatory factor analysis also showed Chinese American college students to better approximate Radloff's differentiated model based on her White American samples than Ying's integrated model based on her Chinese American community sample. Implications of the findings and directions for future research are discussed.     

The role of phonological activation in the visual semantic retrieval of Chinese characters

The Stroop paradigm was used to examine the role of phonological activation in semantic access and its development in reading Chinese characters. Subjects (age 7-23 years) of different reading ability were asked to name the display color of Chinese characters. The characters were displayed in four different colors: red, yellow, blue and green. There were five types of relationships between a character and its display color: semantically congruent, phonologically congruent, semantically incongruent, phonologically incongruent and neutral. In addition to the classical Stroop effects, interference and facilitation effects from the homophones of color characters were also observed. The younger children and those with lower reading ability exhibited stronger Stroop effects. These findings suggest that phonological codes are activated automatically in Chinese character recognition. Furthermore, there is more phonological activation in the semantic retrieval of children in lower grades and those with lower reading ability.     

职业女性工作家庭冲突的压力源研究

本研究在已有研究的基础上 ,对浙江省杭州市职业女性进行了一次工作 -家庭冲突的调查研究。总结了现阶段职业女性工作 -家庭冲突的现状 ,探讨了角色压力源与工作 -家庭冲突的关系 ,分析了影响职业女性工作 -家庭冲突程度的因素。