全文获取类型
收费全文 | 14756篇 |
免费 | 637篇 |
国内免费 | 3篇 |
专业分类
15396篇 |
出版年
2020年 | 201篇 |
2019年 | 207篇 |
2018年 | 368篇 |
2017年 | 329篇 |
2016年 | 333篇 |
2015年 | 237篇 |
2014年 | 261篇 |
2013年 | 1108篇 |
2012年 | 463篇 |
2011年 | 474篇 |
2010年 | 293篇 |
2009年 | 273篇 |
2008年 | 387篇 |
2007年 | 375篇 |
2006年 | 346篇 |
2005年 | 292篇 |
2004年 | 273篇 |
2003年 | 238篇 |
2002年 | 247篇 |
2001年 | 524篇 |
2000年 | 469篇 |
1999年 | 341篇 |
1998年 | 135篇 |
1996年 | 131篇 |
1993年 | 130篇 |
1992年 | 266篇 |
1991年 | 273篇 |
1990年 | 258篇 |
1989年 | 257篇 |
1988年 | 265篇 |
1987年 | 236篇 |
1986年 | 217篇 |
1985年 | 228篇 |
1984年 | 212篇 |
1983年 | 159篇 |
1982年 | 164篇 |
1979年 | 202篇 |
1978年 | 151篇 |
1977年 | 143篇 |
1976年 | 136篇 |
1975年 | 202篇 |
1974年 | 217篇 |
1973年 | 236篇 |
1972年 | 204篇 |
1971年 | 189篇 |
1970年 | 157篇 |
1969年 | 170篇 |
1968年 | 223篇 |
1967年 | 191篇 |
1966年 | 183篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 0 毫秒
991.
Hineline PN 《The Behavior analyst / MABA》2005,28(1):15-28
With their origins in scientific validation, behavior-analytic applications have understandably been developed with an engineering rather than a crafting orientation. Nevertheless, traditions of craftsmanship can be instructive for devising aesthetically pleasing arrangements-arrangements that people will try, and having tried, will choose to continue living with. Pye (1968) provides suggestions for this, particularly through his distinctions between workmanship of risk versus workmanship of certainty, and the mating of functional precision with effective or otherwise pleasing variability. Close examination of woodworking tools as well as antique machines offers instructive analogues that show, for instance, that misplaced precision can be dysfunctional when precision is not essential to a design. Variability should be allowed or even encouraged. Thus, in the design of behavioral contingencies as well as of practical or purely aesthetic objects, "precise versus variable" is not necessarily a distinction between good and bad. More generally, behavior analysts would do well to look beyond their technical experience for ways to improve the aesthetics of contingency design while continuing to understand the resulting innovations in relation to behavior-analytic principles. 相似文献
992.
Crawford TN Cohen P Johnson JG Kasen S First MB Gordon K Brook JS 《Journal of personality disorders》2005,19(1):30-52
Approximately 800 youths from the Children in the Community Study (Cohen & Cohen, 1996) have been assessed prospectively for over 20 years to study personality disorders (PDs) in adolescents and young adults. In this article we evaluate the Children in the Community Self-Report (CIC-SR) Scales, which were designed to assess DSM-IV PDs using self-reported prospective data from this longitudinal sample. To evaluate convergent validity, we assessed concordance between the CIC-SR Scales and the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Personality Disorders (SCID-II; First, Gibbon, Spitzer, Williams, & Benjamin, 1995) in 644 participants at mean age 33. To assess predictive validity, we used CIC-SR Scales at mean age 22 to predict subsequent CIC-SR and SCID-II Personality Questionnaire scores at mean age 33. In these analyses the CIC-SR Scales matched or exceeded benchmarks established in previous comparisons between self-report instruments and structured clinical interviews. Unlike other self-report scales, the CIC-SR did not appear to overestimate diagnoses when compared with SCID-II clinical diagnoses. 相似文献
993.
Conceptual overlap and heterogeneity have long been noted as weaknesses of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory's clinical scales. Restructured clinical (RC) scales recently were developed to address these concerns (A. Tellegen et al., 2003). The authors evaluated the psychometric properties of the RC scales in psychology clinic clients (N=285) and military veterans (N=567). The RC scales were as internally consistent as the clinical scales and correlated strongly with their original counterparts (except for RC3/Hysteria). They also were less intercorrelated, produced conceptually clearer relations with measures of personality and psychopathology, and yielded somewhat greater incremental utility than the clinical scales. Thus, the RC scales demonstrated several psychometric strengths while utilizing 60% fewer items, but the 2 sets of scales cannot be used interchangeably. Interpretive considerations are discussed. 相似文献
994.
Almost all research on aggression in adolescent romantic relationships makes use of 1-time, retrospective assessment methods. In the present research, the authors compared data on the experience of adolescent relationship aggression (physical aggression and threatening behavior) collected from 125 high school students via 2 methods: (a) a 1-time, 2-month retrospective assessment and (b) a cumulative method based on four 2-week retrospective assessments, each spaced 2 weeks apart. For the cumulative method, data from the 4 assessments were aggregated to cover the same time period as the single, 2-month retrospective assessment. A greater proportion of the sample (48.0%) reported experiencing physical aggression using the cumulative method compared with the single, 2-month retrospective method (27.0%). The prevalence of threatening behavior was also higher using the cumulative method (48.8% vs. 24.8%). Adolescent trauma and anxiety symptoms correlated more strongly with physical aggression data derived from the cumulative method than from the 1-time assessment method. 相似文献
995.
Dana-Farber Cancer Institute ethics rounds: life-threatening illness and the desire to adopt 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Little MO Moczynski WV Richardson PG Joffe S 《Kennedy Institute of Ethics journal》2005,15(4):385-393
Originally presented during Ethics Rounds at the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, this commentary on the case of a patient treated for life-threatening cancer explores the responsibilities of health care providers when addressing the patient's desire to adopt a child. 相似文献
996.
Evaluating Genetic Counseling: Client Expectations,Psychological Adjustment and Satisfaction with Service 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Periodic evaluations of genetic counseling services are useful for determining the effectiveness of counseling in meetings its psycho-educational aims, as well as identifying where improvements to the service may be made. This study aimed to evaluate the genetic counseling services provided by Genetic Services of Western Australia (GSWA) to determine the impact of counseling on client expectations, satisfaction with the service, and psychological adjustment, defined as wellbeing and perceived personal control (PPC). A total of 122 clients participated in a self-administered survey conducted pre- and post-counseling. Client expectations of the service as a means of providing information were met, and opportunities for counselors to meet client’s expectations of psychological support were identified. Furthermore, counseling was found to maintain and enhance psychological wellbeing of clients. The role of counseling in facilitating the development of PPC was a key contributor to a high sense of satisfaction in clients. 相似文献
997.
Strong associations between civilian posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) scales and measures of general psychological distress suggest that the scales are nonspecific to PTSD. Three common PTSD scales were administered to 122 undergraduates who had experienced an emotionally salient, nontraumatic event: a college examination. Results indicated that normal levels of anxiety associated with the examination were positively correlated with scores on the Impact of Event Scale-Revised, Revised Civilian Mississippi Scale, and PTSD Checklist-Civilian Version. Multiple regression analyses indicated that substantial variance in the PTSD scales was accounted for by trait characteristics such as negative and positive affectivity and affect intensity (R2 .29 to .53). Negative affectivity correlated as highly with PTSD measures (r = .46 to .71) as those measures correlated with each other (r = .48 to .65). A high proportion of participants exceeded clinical cutoffs on these measures. The findings suggest that these PTSD scales may be overly sensitive to nontraumatic stressors such as everyday distress and trait characteristics. 相似文献
998.
Criterion-referenced (Livingston) and norm-referenced (Gilmer-Feldt) techniques were used to measure the internal consistency reliability of Folstein's Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) on a large sample (N = 418) of elderly medical patients. Two administration and scoring variants of the MMSE Attention and Calculation section (Serial 7s only and WORLD only) were investigated. Livingston reliability coefficients (rs) were calculated for a wide range of cutoff scores. As necessary for the calculation of the Gilmer-Feldt r, a factor analysis showed that the MMSE measures three cognitive domains. Livingston's r for the most widely used MMSE cutoff score of 24 was .803 for Serial 7s and .795 for WORLD. The Gilmer-Feldt internal consistency reliability coefficient was .764 for Serial 7s and .747 for WORLD. Item analysis showed that nearly all of the MMSE items were good discriminators, but 12 were too easy. True score confidence intervals should be applied when interpreting MMSE test scores. 相似文献
999.
Although many nonlinear models of cognition have been proposed in the past 50 years, there has been little consideration of
corresponding statistical techniques for their analysis. In analyses with nonlinear models, unmodeled variability from the
selection of items or participants may lead to asymptotically biased estimation. This asymptotic bias, in turn, renders inference
problematic. We show, for example, that a signal detection analysis of recognition memory data leads to asymptotic underestimation
of sensitivity. To eliminate asymptotic bias, we advocate hierarchical models in which participant variability, item variability,
and measurement error are modeled simultaneously. By accounting for multiple sources of variability, hierarchical models yield
consistent and accurate estimates of participant and item effects in recognition memory. This article is written in tutorial
format; we provide an introduction to Bayesian statistics, hierarchical modeling, and Markov chain Monte Carlo computational
techniques. 相似文献
1000.
Clark DO 《History of psychology》2005,8(3):235-254
Edwin R. Guthrie rose to prominence as a psychologist in the 1930s. His theoretical outlook was behavioristic. This approach came from his conviction that an objective method could be applied to a scientific treatment of mind. Prior to becoming a psychologist, he was a philosopher of mathematics. Guthrie was initiated into psychology by Stevenson Smith, from whom he learned a psychology of adjustment informed by comparative research, Columbia functionalism, and clinical psychology. Guthrie's first step into psychology was in collaboration with Smith on Chapters in General Psychology (S. Smith & E.R. Guthrie, 1921). To synthesize their own unique position on learning from the contemporary theory and research, they used the principle of association. This articles focuses on Guthrie's origin and his development into a learning theorist. 相似文献