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221.
Åsa Spännargård Simon Fagernäs Sven Alfonsson 《Counselling and Psychotherapy Research》2023,23(2):469-477
Work-related stress, or burnout, is elevated among healthcare staff but the specific risk factors for psychotherapists are not clear, which makes it difficult to design interventions to target this population. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate a set of background variables and work-related risk factors for burnout among psychotherapists. Potential protective factors such as level of education, number of years in the profession and access to clinical supervision were investigated. Symptoms of burnout were measured with the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory, and data were collected from 327 psychotherapists. In this group, 62% reported moderate or high levels of burnout symptoms, with significantly higher levels of personal- and work-related burnout than client-related burnout. Being female, having low self-perceived competence and working in the public sector were associated with higher levels of burnout. Other factors, such as age, work experience, level of education or having clinical supervision, were not associated with burnout after controlling for gender, perceived competence and workplace setting. These results confirm previous research that underlines the importance of perceived competence and control over one's work environment, and that women are at higher risk of burnout, possibly because of factors outside of work. The importance of perceived competence as a protective factor suggests that methods that increase therapeutic competence may play an important role in countering work-related stress. In conclusion, there may be a need to continue to develop and integrate specific burnout prevention interventions for psychotherapists. 相似文献
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223.
We give a condensed survey of recent research on generalized quantifiers in logic, linguistics and computer science, under the following headings: Logical definability and expressive power, Polyadic quantifiers and linguistic definability, Weak semantics and axiomatizability, Computational semantics, Quantifiers in dynamic settings, Quantifiers and modal logic, Proof theory of generalized quantifiers.This paper was inspired by the symposium on Generalized Quantifiers held at the 5th European Summer School in Logic, Language and Information in Lisbon, August 1993. We feel that the work presented there motivates a survey of recent research areas and research problems in the field of generalized quantifiers. The speakers at the symposium, Natasha Alechina, Jaap van der Does, Lauri Hella, Michal Krynicki, Michiel van Lambalgen, Kerkko Luosto, Marcin Mostowski, and Jouko Väänänen, have cooperated and made (oral and/or written) contributions and comments to this research survey which we gratefully acknowledge, and without which it would not have been written. But it is easier to produce a paper with two authors than with ten, and so the present authors take full responsibility for the final formulation of the paper. In addition, we are grateful for comments received from some further colleagues, in particular, Dorit Ben-Shalom, Makoto Kanazawa, Victor Sanchez, Yde Venema and two anonymous referees.Presented byJan Zygmunt 相似文献
224.
Segerstråle U 《Science and engineering ethics》1995,1(3):197-214
In recent literature, the famous Millikan oil-drop experiment appears as a case of “good scientific judgment” on the one hand,
and scientific misconduct on the other. This article discusses different interpretations of the fact that Nobel laureate Robert
Millikan’s notebooks show that he eliminated a number of oildrops in his published 1913 paper on the charge of the electron,
while reporting that he had included all the drops. Starting with the common source of all Millikan stories, historian of
physics Gerald Holton’s 1978 paper, I discuss recent “canned” versions of Millikan-as-misbehaver in books on scientific fraud.
Then I examine some versions of Millikan-as-good-scientist, particularly the reconstruction by historian of physics Allan
Franklin, and the views of some practicing physicists. Finally, we have an instructive head-on collision between the two standard
treatments of Millikan. The problem with canned stories is not only insufficient information; we also lack a realistic evaluation
of the role of ethics in science. As a fundamentally knowledge-seeking enterprise, science may harbor an inherent, perhaps
irresolvable, conflict between scientific and ethical concerns.
The author’s special interests include standards for “good science”, science and values, and social psychology. 相似文献
225.
Barfield W Rosenberg C Furness TA rd 《The International journal of aviation psychology》1995,5(3):233-256
The purpose of this study was to determine how 3 variables for the design of a "heads-down" spatial display--the frame of reference (pilot's eye vs. God's eye), geometric field of view, and elevation of the computer graphics eyepoint--influenced situation awareness. Thirteen flight-naive subjects each flew a simulated F-16 over a computer-generated flight environment to lock onto and intercept a series of sequentially appearing targets. The flight scene consisted of both an "out-the-window" view and a computer-generated heads-down spatial display showing an airplane symbol superimposed on a perspective view of the flight environment. During the interactive phase of the experiment, root mean square flight-path error, target lock-on time, and target acquisition time were measured. After the interactive phase of the study was completed, subjects were required to mark the location of the targets from memory on a computer-generated top-down view of the flight scene in an attempt to reconstruct the spatial mental model which subjects formed of the flight environment. The results for the interactive phase of the study indicated that performance was superior using the pilot's-eye display. However, for the spatial reconstruction task, performance was better using the God's-eye display. It was also shown that the ability to maintain the optimal flight-path using the more top-down view of the scene (600 eyepoint) was superior to the 300 eyepoint elevation. Implications of the results for the design of spatial instruments are discussed. 相似文献
226.
An operant approach to rehabilitation medicine: overcoming learned nonuse by shaping. 总被引:11,自引:1,他引:10
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E Taub J E Crago L D Burgio T E Groomes E W Cook rd S C DeLuca N E Miller 《Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior》1994,61(2):281-293
A new approach to the rehabilitation of movement, based primarily on the principles of operant conditioning, was derived from research with deafferented monkeys. The analysis suggests that a certain proportion of excess motor disability after certain types of injury involves a learned suppression of movement and may be termed learned nonuse. Learned nonuse can be overcome by changing the contingencies of reinforcement so that they strongly favor use of an affected upper extremity in the chronic postinjury situation. The techniques employed here involved 2 weeks of restricting movement of the opposite (unaffected) extremity and training of the affected limb. Initial work with humans has been with chronic stroke patients for whom the approach has yielded large improvements in motor ability and functional independence. We report here preliminary data suggesting that shaping with verbal feedback further enhances the motor recovery. 相似文献
227.
The Irish are not in a conspiracy to cheat the world by the false representations of the merits of their countrymen.
No, sir; the Irish are a fair people — they never speak well of one anotherSamuel Johnson (1709–1784)
Boswell's Life Johnson 相似文献
228.
V.Alexander Maximilian Isak Prohovnik Jarl Risberg Krister Håkansson 《Brain and language》1978,6(1):22-31
Regional cerebral blood flow measurements were made in the left hemisphere of 11 young healthy volunteers during learning and during recalling of word pair associates. Compared to the resting baseline, both tasks caused significant increases of average hemispheric flow, indicating an elevated neuronal activity level. Regionally both tasks were accompanied by considerable activation of parietal and occipital regions. The main difference between learning and recalling was that only the former task activated the prefrontal regions. 相似文献
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230.
Studies in Philosophy and Education - This article is a philosophical analysis of escapism as a pedagogical possibility, with a particular focus on TV series. Taking my own, as well as students,... 相似文献