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11.
Nurit Zaidman 《Journal of Contemporary Religion》2007,22(3):361-374
The present study analyzes the relationship between the sacred and profane as domains manifested within the context of New Age thought and practice. The attempt to analyze these relationships is based on observations and interviews in 22 New Age shops in New Zealand and Israel. Unlike earlier research that emphasized the New Age sub-culture as a ‘spiritual market place’, the results of this study show that New Age shops are not entirely perceived and managed as market places, but as spiritual centers as well. The findings of this study indicate that there are processes and activities in New Age shops that are not associated with its commodity context, but rather with the creation of sacred space. 相似文献
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We tested a model in which perceived workload and autonomy were hypothesised to mediate the effects of work hours and caseload on physician burnout. The study was based on data provided by 890 specialists representing six medical specialties. We used structural equation modeling to test our hypotheses. Controlling for the effects of gender, seniority, and the specialists' academic affiliation, we found that the study data fit the hypothesised model—reflecting these hypotheses—quite well. As expected, workload predicted higher levels of global burnout and physical fatigue, while autonomy predicted lower levels of global burnout. Work hours and caseload predicted global burnout only indirectly, via their effects on either perceived workload or autonomy. These findings suggest that public policies, designed to reduce physician work hours in order to reduce burnout and improve patients' safety, should take into account physician perceived workload and autonomy. Nous avons mis à l'épreuve un modèle centré sur l'hypothèse selon laquelle la charge de travail perçue et l'autonomie régulaient l'impact de la durée du travail médical et administratif sur le burnout des médecins. La recherche a exploité des données fournies par 890 spécialistes relevant de six spécialités médicales. On a fait appel à une modélisation en équations structurales pour valider nos hypothèses. En contrôlant l'action du genre, de l'âge et du type de spécialité, il est apparu que les données correspondaient parfaitement au modèle hypothétique. Comme prévu, la charge de travail prédisait des niveaux plus élevés de burnout global et de fatigue physique, alors que l'autonomie débouchait sur des niveaux plus faibles de burnout global. La durée du travail ne prédisait qu'indirectement le burnout global, par l'entremise des retombées sur la charge de travail perçue et l'autonomie. Ces résultats montrent que la réglementation publique qui envisage de réduire le temps de travail des médecins dans le souci d'atténuer le burnout et d'améliorer la sécurité des malades devrait prendre en considération la charge de travail perçue et l'autonomie des médecins. 相似文献
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Prelexical phonological computation of print was examined in Hebrew orthography using backward masking. Target words were masked by homophonic, phonologically similar, or phonologically dissimilar nonwords. Phonological similarity between masks and targets affected detection in a nonlinear fashion: No differences were found between homophonic and phonologically similar masks, whereas phonologically dissimilar masks hindered identification dramatically. This suggests that representations computed in brief exposures are coarse grained and not detailed enough to capture fine phonetic differences. 相似文献
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Nurit Sternberg Roy Luria Gal Sheppes 《Cognitive, affective & behavioral neuroscience》2018,18(6):1145-1158
Is Facebook usage bad for mental health? Existing studies provide mixed results, and direct evidence for neural underlying moderators is lacking. We suggest that being able to filter social-network information from accessing working memory is essential to preserve limited cognitive resources to pursue relevant goals. Accordingly, among individuals with impaired neural social-network filtering ability, enhanced social-network usage would be associated with negative mental health. Specifically, participants performed a novel electrophysiological paradigm that isolates neural Facebook filtering ability. Participants’ actual Facebook behavior and anxious symptomatology were assessed. Confirming evidence showed that enhanced Facebook usage was associated with anxious symptoms among individuals with impaired neural Facebook filtering ability. Although less robust and tentative, additional suggestive evidence indicated that this specific Facebook filtering impairment was not better explained by a general filtering deficit. These results involving a neural social-network filtering moderator, may help understand for whom increased online social-network usage is associated with negative mental health. 相似文献
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In the present study, we examined whether or not novel stimuli affect performance in a focused attention task. Participants
responded to a central target while an irrelevant distractor in the visual display was occasionally changed. In Experiment
1, both target and distractor were presented centrally within the focus of attention. In Experiment 2, a central target was
presented along with an irrelevant distractor at a peripheral location, outside the focus of attention. Novel distractors
were associated with longer latencies and enhanced orienting responses (as measured by skin conductance responses) only when
presented at an attended location. In contrast, as is demonstrated in Experiment 3, the same peripheral novel distractors
interfered with task performance when they possessed task-relevant information. These results indicate that there is a fundamental
difference between novel stimuli and task-relevant stimuli. Whereas the former exert influence only within the focus of attention,
the latter affect performance even when positioned in an unattended location. Our findings have important implications for
the operation of visual attention. 相似文献
17.
Moshe Krausz Nurit Yaakobovitz Aharon Bizman Tamir Caspi 《Journal of business and psychology》1999,14(1):95-107
The study examined the effect of several personal and situational variables upon stayers' intention to leave, subsequent to the departure of a coworker. These effects were hypothesized to be mediated by the stayers' evaluation of outcomes of the departure. Police officers filled questionnaires prior to and within one month subsequent to turnover of a coworker. The theoretical model was tested via hierarchical multiple regression. Negative and positive evaluations were independent: They were differentially associated with the predictor variables and they varied in their effect upon the criterion measure. The mediation hypothesis was not supported; the negative evaluation of departure outcomes was indeed predicted by the independent variables but it was not associated with the intention to leave subsequent to a coworker's departure. Positive evaluation, on the other hand, was not predicted by the independent variables but was significantly and positively correlated with the criterion measure. Contrary to the hypothesis, stayers who perceive coworkers' departure as more positive show a stronger tendency to leave. 相似文献
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The authors propose that conflict threatens different psychological resources of victims and perpetrators and that these threats contribute to the maintenance of conflict (A. Nadler, 2002; A. Nadler & I. Liviatan, 2004; A. Nadler & N. Shnabel, in press). On the basis of this general proposition, the authors developed a needs-based model of reconciliation that posits that being a victim is associated with a threat to one's status and power, whereas being a perpetrator threatens one's image as moral and socially acceptable. To counter these threats, victims must restore their sense of power, whereas perpetrators must restore their public moral image. A social exchange interaction in which these threats are removed should enhance the parties' willingness to reconcile. The results of 4 studies on interpersonal reconciliation support these hypotheses. Applied and theoretical implications of this model are discussed. 相似文献
20.
Despite large bodies of research on gender, culture, and social support, very few studies have addressed all three. Aspects of 4 theoretical perspectives were used to derive (different) predictions about the role of gender and culture in the evaluation and utilization of social support: evolutionary, psychoanalytic, social role, and social construction theories. The predictions were tested in representative samples of the Jewish and Arab populations in Israel. Men and women were interviewed regarding the importance and availability of different support functions, the quality of different social networks, and the people to whom they would turn for support with different problems. Results demonstrate the universality of the need for support and a number of cultural and gender differences in its utilization. The results support different aspects of the 4 theories and suggest a need for more work on the mechanisms underlying the differences found. The results also demonstrate the value of studying the role of gender and culture in social support. 相似文献