Dichotic listening performances in the follow-up of Landau and Kleffner syndrome

Abstract

In the follow-up study of 4 children with acquired epileptic aphasia or Landau and Kleffner syndrome, dichotic listening studies evidenced a unilateral ear extinction. In the four cases, the dichotic extinction was contralateral to the temporal cortex involved in the generation of epileptic discharges during the active period of epilepsy. This pattern of dichotic performances persisted several years after the complete recovery from epilepsy and EEG normalization. The long-lasting dichotic extinction revealed a permanent dysfunction in the temporal auditory system that may be a consequence of the presence of an active epileptogenic focus during the critical period of functional differentiation of the temporal cortex.     

Second-Order Change in Marriage and Family Therapy: A Web-Based Modified Delphi Study

Second-order change is a central concept in Marriage and Family Therapy, but still remains poorly operationalized. We conducted a web-based modified Delphi study with 31 established faculty members currently teaching in COAMFTE-accredited Master's and Doctoral programs in the United States and in Canada to identify consensus regarding second-order change concepts, clinical operationalization, evaluation, and teaching principles. Numerous exemplars of first and second-order change were generated, but consensus on most items was low. Consensus was highest for pedagogy and low regarding concepts and clinical examples of first-order change and evaluation of second-order change. Results suggest clearer definitions and better measurement of systemic change are needed.     

Promoting professional identity: a within group comparison of wiki-based and traditional assignments on school counselling students' learning,sense of community and computer anxiety

The purpose of this study is to compare traditional and non-traditional instructional practices used in a counsellor education programme to determine their effect on pre-service school counsellors' learning and sense of community, thus leading to enhanced professional identity. Traditional and non-traditional assignments were examined: (a) a collaborative, multimedia wiki writing assignment; (b) textbook reading and corresponding quizzes; and (c) article critiques. Findings indicate that students experience a greater sense of community and learning when participating in the non-traditional, collaborative, multimedia wiki writing assignment using web-based technology. Findings also indicate that students had low computer anxiety after completing the wiki assignment.     

Conceptual and non-conceptual repetition priming in category exemplar generation: Evidence from bilinguals

One measure of conceptual implicit memory is repetition priming in the generation of exemplars from a semantic category, but does such priming transfer across languages? That is, do the overlapping conceptual representations for translation equivalents provide a sufficient basis for such priming? In Experiment 1 (N=96) participants carried out a deep encoding task, and priming between languages was statistically reliable, but attenuated, relative to within-language priming. Experiment 2 (N=96) replicated the findings of Experiment 1 and assessed the contributions of conceptual and non-conceptual processes using a levels-of-processing manipulation. Words that underwent shallow encoding exhibited within-language, but not between-language, priming. Priming in shallow conditions cannot therefore be explained by incidental activation of the concept. Instead, part of the within-language priming effect, even under deep-encoding conditions, is due to increased availability of language-specific lemmas or phonological word forms.     

An Investigation of the Relationships of Rorschach Scores,Patterns, and Behavior to Coping and Defense Mechanisms

Relationships were studied between formal Rorschach scores and a set of coping and defense mechanisms which had been rated on the basis of intensive interviews conducted with normal adult subjects. A preliminary study showed that IQ was related to a number of Rorschach scores, so that it was subsequently controlled. The character of the initial results and the attributes of coping functions suggested a second investigation which defined the Rorschach variables more globally. The results of this study very generally follow common expectancies in regard to M, M: FM, and W: M, but A, F extended, and F: Fk + Fc do not follow such trends. Global Rorschach attitudes were found to relate better to coping mechanisms than formal scores.     

The Stability of Peer Sociometric Ratings Across Ecological Settings

Although children's peer relations extend beyond the classroom, researchers have focused almost exclusively on evaluting sociometric status within the school setting. In the present study, a roster-and-rating method was used to assess the relationship between the sociometric status of 20 fifth-grade students in the classroom and in adult supervised activity groups outside of school. In addition, the 6-month stability of peer sociometric ratings in school was assessed. The correlational results showed that a child's sociometric standing in the classroom was a strong predictor of his or her standing in outside groups, and that the 6-month stability of peer sociometric ratings at school was quite high. The results are encouraging for researchers who use classroom sociometric ratings as global indices of peer relations.     

Innovating With the Model of Human Occupation in Mental Health

This article describes a new approach in a group of National Health Service trusts in the United Kingdom. The assessment and intervention were focused on using the Model of Human Occupation in Mental Health services. An occupation focused assessment and intervention protocol were developed based on the Model of Human Occupation Screening Tool Single-Observation Form (MOHOST-SOF). The aim was to develop a guide to treatment and monitoring to support efficient practice while maintaining an occupation and client-centered focus. Implementation has been successful to date.     

Secondary migration and relocation among African refugee families in the United States

The purpose of this study was to understand the secondary migration and relocation of African refugees resettled in the United States. Secondary migration refers to moves out of state, while relocation refers to moves within state. Of 73 recently resettled refugee families from Burundi and Liberia followed for 1 year through ethnographic interviews and observations, 13 instances of secondary migration and 9 instances of relocation were identified. A family ecodevelopmental framework was applied to address: Who moved again, why, and with what consequences? How did moving again impact family risk and protective factors? How might policies, researchers, and practitioners better manage refugees moving again? Findings indicated that families undertook secondary migration principally for employment, affordable housing, family reunification, and to feel more at home. Families relocated primarily for affordable housing. Parents reported that secondary migration and relocation enhanced family stability. Youth reported disruption to both schooling and attachments with peers and community. In conclusion, secondary migration and relocation were family efforts to enhance family and community protective resources and to mitigate shortcomings in resettlement conditions. Policymakers could provide newly resettled refugees jobs, better housing and family reunification. Practitioners could devise ways to better engage and support those families who consider moving.