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81.
Silvia Gattino Norma De Piccoli Angela Fedi Mihaela Boza Chiara Rollero 《Sex roles》2018,78(5-6):325-337
Although there is extensive documentation of the damaging psychological consequences of self-objectification, more research is needed to explain its antecedents. With the present study we (a) investigated the correlates of self-objectification by analyzing biological (age and body-mass index), psychological (self-esteem), and sociocultural dimensions (influence of mass media and significant others) in women and men; (b) examined the role of culture in self-objectification processes; and (c) tested the effect of gender as a moderator in the relationship between both psychological and sociocultural dimensions and self-objectification. A total of 770 heterosexual adults residing in Italy and Romania completed a self-reported questionnaire. Self-objectification was operationalized as Body Surveillance (BS) and Body Shame (BSH); however, because the the BS subscale was not satisfactorily reliable, our focus was restricted to BSH. The correlates of self-objectification for BSH were analyzed separately by nationality in regression models. Overall, BSH emerged as a process influenced by agents rooted in biological and psychological domains, as well as in social and cultural domains. High educational level and high self-esteem (this last particularly in men) correlated with reduced body shame for the Romanian sample, whereas within the Italian sample, the internalization of media standards and influence of significant others emerged as risk factors for body shame. Taken together, these findings underline the need to identify cross-cultural constants of self-objectification, as well as differences across contexts, in order to better understand self-objectification and to promote protective factors in specific culturally situated interventions. 相似文献
82.
83.
Norma A. Mendoza Harmon M. Hosch Bruce J. Ponder Victor Carrillo 《Journal of applied social psychology》2000,30(12):2610-2621
Hispanic jurors' verdicts and whether these decisions were related to jurors' judgments of the credibility of the witness were the focus of this experiment. A prosecution witness testified in English or in Spanish with interpretation in English. Witnesses' speaking style systematically included hedges and hesitations or did not. Guilty verdicts were independent of language of testimony. Within Spanish‐interpreted conditions, jurors convicted the defendant 47% of the time in the absence of hedges and hesitations. When he hedged and hesitated, they convicted 34% of the time. This effect was complicated by a reliable Witness Hesitation × Juror Language Dominance interaction. These results are interpreted in the context of the courtroom impact of non‐English‐speaking witnesses and the impact of interpretation. 相似文献
84.
Melbourne F. Hovell Elaine J. Blumberg Sandy Liles Linda Powell Theodore C. Morrison Gabriela Duran Carol L. Sipan Susan Burkham Norma Kelley 《Journal of counseling and development : JCD》2001,79(3):347-355
Youth in alternative schools often engage in high rates of risk behaviors for AIDS and violence. This study included 42 youth, ages 13 to 18, from alternative schools in San Diego, CA, and tested the effectiveness of behavioral skills training based on the Behavioral‐Ecological Model. Two interventions were evaluated: one teaching condom use skills and the other teaching anger management skills. Changes in most skills were significant at postintervention but were not maintained at 6 months. Few risk‐related attitudes or behaviors improved at 6 months for either group. 相似文献
85.
Let > 0 be a measure of the average step size of a stochastic process {p
n
() }
n=1
(). Conditions are given under whichp
n
() is approximately normally distributed whenn is large and is small. This result is applied to a number of learning models where is a learning rate parameter andp
n
() is the probability that the subject makes a certain response on thenth experimental trial. Both linear and stimulus sampling models are considered. 相似文献
86.
Norma Haston Turner Dr. P.H. Gina Yvonne Ramirez M.S. John C. Higginbotham Ph.D. M.P.H. Kyriakos Markides Ph.D. Alice C. Wygant M.S. Sandra Black M.S. 《Journal of religion and health》1994,33(4):341-352
Nine different behavioral responses to alcohol by over two hundred ninth-graders in Austin, Texas, were examined in a survey
designed to identify the relationship between adolescents' alcohol use, religious affiliation, religiosity, and gender. The
relationship between alcohol use and family adaptability was also examined. While religious affiliation was found to be mildly
predictive of use, religiosity determined only specific behavior. Gender differences in alcohol use appeared to be narrowing.
Family adaptability was the most predictive variable, showing a relationship with six of the nine kinds of alcohol behavior.
Future studies of family influences on adolescents' alcohol behavior and alcohol use among females are recommended. 相似文献
87.
88.
Norma L. Day‐Vines Susannah M. Wood Tim Grothaus Laurie Craigen Angela Holman Kylie Dotson‐Blake Marcy J. Douglass 《Journal of counseling and development : JCD》2007,85(4):401-409
The authors define broaching as the counselor's ability to consider how sociopolitical factors such as race influence the client's counseling concerns. The counselor must learn to recognize the cultural meaning clients attach to phenomena and to subsequently translate that cultural knowledge into meaningful practice that facilitates client empowerment, strengthens the therapeutic alliance, and enhances counseling outcomes. A continuum of broaching behavior is described, and parallels are drawn between the progression of broaching behavior and the counselor's level of racial identity functioning. 相似文献
89.
90.
The goal of the current study was to examine whether individuals with comorbid Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) exhibit greater severity of depressive symptoms than (1) individuals with MDD without BPD and (2) individuals with neither MDD nor BPD. One hundred and forty-one individuals participated in a semi-structured clinical interview assessing MDD and BPD. They also completed measures assessing depressive symptoms, depressogenic attributional style, hopelessness, self-esteem, rumination, and dysfunctional attitudes. In line with hypotheses, individuals with BPD and MDD exhibited higher levels of depressive symptoms and cognitive vulnerability than individuals in the other two groups. In addition, after controlling for the effects of cognitive vulnerability, the effect of group membership on depressive symptoms was reduced, suggesting that the increased severity of depressive symptoms experienced by those with BPD is partially due to their possessing higher levels of cognitive vulnerability to depression. 相似文献